بررسی ژنوتیپ‌های انبه (Mangifera indica L.) جنوب ایران بر اساس شاخص‌های مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی
محورهای موضوعی : ژنتیکلیلا فهمیده 1 , سمیرا عمرانی پور 2 , براتعلی فاخری 3
1 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.
2 - گروه اصلاح گیاهان باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.
3 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، ایران.
کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, تجزیه کلاستر, اسید آسکوربیک, انبه, مواد جامد محلول,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور گروه بندی و مقایسه 27 ژنوتیپ انبه در مناطق جنوب ایران (استان های کرمان و هرمزگان)، صفات فیزیولوژیکی مربوط به برگ، میوه و هسته ، بر اساس توصیفگر جهانی انبه اندازه گیری شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده ها نشان داد که اثر ژنوتیپ بر صفات کلروفیل b، کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئیدها، نشت یونی، آنتوسیانین برگ، pH میوه، میزان مواد جامد محلول، ویتامین ث (اسید آسکوربیک)، TSS آب میوه، اسیدیته میوه ها و همچنین خصوصیات هسته (طول هسته، ضخامت هسته، عرض هسته، وزن تر هسته و وزن خشک هسته) معنی دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها مشخص ساخت بالاترین میزان اسید آسکوربیک، مواد جامد محلول میوه و کلروفیل کل برگ به ترتیب به ژنوتیپ‌های سیندری، دوقلو و خاروست تعلق داشتند. ژنوتیپ نباتی1 کمترین (9/3 سانتی متر) و بینام 1 بیشترین میانگین طول هسته (66/11 سانتی متر)، و ژنوتیپ نباتی 1 و لانگرا به ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین میانگین عرض هسته (8/2 و 7/4 سانتی متر) را در بین ژنوتیپ های مورد مطالعه به خود اختصاص دادند. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد تک درخت از ژنوتیپ سیندری (260 کیلوگرم) بدست آمد با آنکه تفاوت معنی‌داری با ژنوتیپ شاهانی2 (240 کیلوگرم) نداشت. تجزیه کلاستر بر اساس متوسط فاصله بین گروه‌ها (UPGMA)، ژنوتیپ ها را در فاصله 09/7 در چهار گروه قرار داد.
In order to compare the group of 27 cultivars of mangoes in southern of Iran (Kerman and Hormozgan), physiological traits of leaves and fruits, mango measured on the basis of universal descriptor. The results of analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotype on the traits of chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, electrolyte leakage, anthocyanins, leaf, pH fruit, soluble solids, vitamin C (ascorbic acid),TSS fruit juices, pH fruits as well as the kernel traits (kernel length, kernel thickness, kernel width, kernel weight and kernel dry weight) was significant in 1% probability level. The results of the comparison of the averages showed that the highest amount of ascorbic acid, total soluble solids and total leaf chlorophyll belonged to the Sindyderi, twin and Kharvest genotype respectively. In average of kernel length and width, Nabati 1 genotype has the minimum with (3/9 Cm) and Anonym 1 the maximum (11/66 Cm), and the Nabati1 genotype and Langra, respectively, had the minimum and the maximum (2/8 and 4/7 Cm) in Between the genotypes studied. Also, the maximum yields of tree were obtained from Snyderi genotype (260 kg), although there were no significant difference with Shahani 2 genotype (240 kg). Cluster analysis based on the average distance between groups (UPGMA), genotypes in the interval of 7/09 in four groups.
AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemistry, Washington, DC. USA.
Abbasi, M., Heydari, M. and Daneshvar, M.H. (2012).Initial Evaluation of Fruit Properties of Selected Mango Trees in Minab City. Plant Products (Agricultural Science Magazine). 35(4): 117-128.
Asma, B. M., Kan, T. and Birhanli, O. (2007). Characterization of promising apricot (Prunus armenica L.) genetic resources in Malatya, Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 54: 205-212.
Chaikiattiyous, S., Kurubunjierdit, R., Akkaravessapong, P., Rattananukul, S., Chueychum, P. and Anupunt, P. (2000). Improvement and evaluation of the selected "Kaew Sisaket" mango in Thailand. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 185-192.
De Giorgio, D., Leo, L., Zacheo, G. and Lamascese, N. (2007). Evaluation of 52 almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) cultivars from the Apulia region in Southern Italy. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 82: 541-546.
Duval, M.F., Bunel, J., Sitbon, C. and Risterucc, A.M. (2005). Development of microsatellite markers for mango (Mangifera indica L.). Molecular Ecology Notes. 5: 824-826.
Erfani, J., Ebadi, A., Abdollahi, H. and Fattahimoghadam, M.R. (2015). Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Some Genotypes and Pear Species Using Morphological Characteristics. Iranian Journal of Horticulture. 45(1):11-21.
FAO. (2011). FAO statistical yearbook. Agricultural production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. /http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx/. Accessed 25 April 2011.
Fahmideh, L., Tavakoli, M., Omranipour, S. and Rajabi A. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Post-Harvest Treatments of Spermidine , Calcium Chloride and Temperature on Quality and Storage Characteristics of Chico Fruit (Manilkara zapota L.) in Minab City. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 13 (2):89-98.
Gupta, C., Garg, A. and Gupta, S. (2010). Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of fresh ripe pulp and dried unripe pulp of Mangifera indica. Middle – East Journal of Scientific Research. 5(2): 75-80.
Haddadi Nejad, M., Ghasemi Omran, S. and Azimi Ahangari, F. (2015), Morphological diversity of blackberry in some Mazandaran zones. Iranian Horticultural Science.46(2): 333-343.
Hamed, K.B., Castagna, A., Salem, E., Ranieri, A. and Abdelly, C. (2007). Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses. Plant Growth Regul. 3: 185-194.
Hashemi, H., Safarnejad, A. and Bagheri, A. (2008), Study of genetic diversity Persian native cumin ecotypes using RAPD markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 16 (2): 238-246.
Heidari, B. (2010). Molecular plant breeding, 1st edition, Shiraz: Shiraz University Press, P: 281.
Hemanth Kumar, N. V., Narayaswamy, P., Theertha Prasad, D., Mukunda, G. K. and Sondur, S.N. (2001). Estimation of genetic diversity of commercial mango cultivars using RAPD markers. Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology. 76: 529-533.
Human, C. F., Swanepoel, J. F. and Rheeder, S. (2003). Evaluation of mango cultivars in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 161-170.
Jonoubi, P., Majd, A., Mehrabian, S. and Rashidi, F. (2014). Investigation of anatomical structure vegetative organ and development of reproductive organs of Mango Tree.Journal of Cell and Tissue, 5(4): 417-427.
Kermani, M., Mara'ashi, S.H. and Safarnejad, A. 2008. Study of genetic diversity inter and intra two Cuminum species using AFLP molecular markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 16 (2): 198-206
Kittiphoom, S. (2012). Utilization of mango seed. International Food Research Journal. 19(4):1325- 1335.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (2008). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymolology. 148: 350-382.
Moosazadeh, R., Shoor, M., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, Gh.H. and Mokhtaryan, A. )2014(. Evaluation of genetic variation of some grape cultivars based on morphological traits. Journal Plant Production Research. 21)4:( 179-192.
Nakasone, H.Y. and Paull, R.E. (2001). Tropical Fruits. CAB International, Oxon, UK. Pp: 443.
Negi, S.S., Rajan, S. and Kumar, R. (2000). Developing new Mango varieties through hybridization. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 159-160.
Rastgoo, S. (2004). Investigation of genetic diversity of Mango seedlings in Hormozgan province using some morphological and physio-chemical traits and introduce elite genotypes. Tehran University M.Sc Thesis. 130 pages.
Richard, E.L. (2009). The mango Botany. Production and Uses nND Edition. CABI Publishing. 670 p.
Rodrigues, L.C., Morales, M.R., Fernandes, A.J.B. and Ortiz, J.M. (2006). Morphological characterization of sweet and sour cherry cultivars in a germplasm bank at Portugal. Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation. 17: 143-182.
Safaei, L. and Ghasryani, F. (2015). Genetic diversity of vegetative and reproductive in different stipa (Stipa barbata var. arabica) in Isfahan province. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 23(2): 299-313.
Saini, R.S., Sharma, K.D. and Dhankhar Kaushik, R.A. (2001). Laboratory manual of analytical techniques in in Horticulture. Agrobios, Publisher India. 135P.
Salimpour, A., Ebadi, A., Fattahimoghadam, M. R. and Bihamta, M. (2011). Evaluation of genetic diversity on some Almond using morphological traits. Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 42 (4): 319-327.
Shomeli, M., Talaei, A. and Fattahimoghadam, M. R. (2009). Study of genetic diversity and fruit fully pattern of Iranian mango genotypes. PhD dissertation. Department of Horticultural Sciences. University of Tehran. 198 pages.
Viruel, M. A., Escribanol, P., Barbieri, M., Ferri, M. and Hormaza, J. I. (2005). Fingerprinting embryo type and geographic differentiation in mango (Mangifera indica,) with microsatellites. Molecular Breeding. 15: 383–393.
Wanger, G. J. (1979). Content and vacuole/ extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids, and anthocyanins in protoplast. Plant Physiology. 64: 88-93.
Yazdi Samadi, B. and Badroddin Ebrahim, S. (2011). Principles of genetics, Tehran, Tehran University Press. 368 pages.
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AOAC. 2005. Official methods of analysis. 18th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemistry, Washington, DC. USA.
Abbasi, M., Heydari, M. and Daneshvar, M.H. (2012).Initial Evaluation of Fruit Properties of Selected Mango Trees in Minab City. Plant Products (Agricultural Science Magazine). 35(4): 117-128.
Asma, B. M., Kan, T. and Birhanli, O. (2007). Characterization of promising apricot (Prunus armenica L.) genetic resources in Malatya, Turkey. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 54: 205-212.
Chaikiattiyous, S., Kurubunjierdit, R., Akkaravessapong, P., Rattananukul, S., Chueychum, P. and Anupunt, P. (2000). Improvement and evaluation of the selected "Kaew Sisaket" mango in Thailand. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 185-192.
De Giorgio, D., Leo, L., Zacheo, G. and Lamascese, N. (2007). Evaluation of 52 almond (Prunus amygdalus Batsch) cultivars from the Apulia region in Southern Italy. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology. 82: 541-546.
Duval, M.F., Bunel, J., Sitbon, C. and Risterucc, A.M. (2005). Development of microsatellite markers for mango (Mangifera indica L.). Molecular Ecology Notes. 5: 824-826.
Erfani, J., Ebadi, A., Abdollahi, H. and Fattahimoghadam, M.R. (2015). Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Some Genotypes and Pear Species Using Morphological Characteristics. Iranian Journal of Horticulture. 45(1):11-21.
FAO. (2011). FAO statistical yearbook. Agricultural production. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. /http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx/. Accessed 25 April 2011.
Fahmideh, L., Tavakoli, M., Omranipour, S. and Rajabi A. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Post-Harvest Treatments of Spermidine , Calcium Chloride and Temperature on Quality and Storage Characteristics of Chico Fruit (Manilkara zapota L.) in Minab City. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology. 13 (2):89-98.
Gupta, C., Garg, A. and Gupta, S. (2010). Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies of fresh ripe pulp and dried unripe pulp of Mangifera indica. Middle – East Journal of Scientific Research. 5(2): 75-80.
Haddadi Nejad, M., Ghasemi Omran, S. and Azimi Ahangari, F. (2015), Morphological diversity of blackberry in some Mazandaran zones. Iranian Horticultural Science.46(2): 333-343.
Hamed, K.B., Castagna, A., Salem, E., Ranieri, A. and Abdelly, C. (2007). Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.) under salinity conditions: a comparison of leaf and root antioxidant responses. Plant Growth Regul. 3: 185-194.
Hashemi, H., Safarnejad, A. and Bagheri, A. (2008), Study of genetic diversity Persian native cumin ecotypes using RAPD markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 16 (2): 238-246.
Heidari, B. (2010). Molecular plant breeding, 1st edition, Shiraz: Shiraz University Press, P: 281.
Hemanth Kumar, N. V., Narayaswamy, P., Theertha Prasad, D., Mukunda, G. K. and Sondur, S.N. (2001). Estimation of genetic diversity of commercial mango cultivars using RAPD markers. Journal of Horticulture Science and Biotechnology. 76: 529-533.
Human, C. F., Swanepoel, J. F. and Rheeder, S. (2003). Evaluation of mango cultivars in South Africa. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 161-170.
Jonoubi, P., Majd, A., Mehrabian, S. and Rashidi, F. (2014). Investigation of anatomical structure vegetative organ and development of reproductive organs of Mango Tree.Journal of Cell and Tissue, 5(4): 417-427.
Kermani, M., Mara'ashi, S.H. and Safarnejad, A. 2008. Study of genetic diversity inter and intra two Cuminum species using AFLP molecular markers. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 16 (2): 198-206
Kittiphoom, S. (2012). Utilization of mango seed. International Food Research Journal. 19(4):1325- 1335.
Lichtenthaler, H.K. (2008). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymolology. 148: 350-382.
Moosazadeh, R., Shoor, M., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, Gh.H. and Mokhtaryan, A. )2014(. Evaluation of genetic variation of some grape cultivars based on morphological traits. Journal Plant Production Research. 21)4:( 179-192.
Nakasone, H.Y. and Paull, R.E. (2001). Tropical Fruits. CAB International, Oxon, UK. Pp: 443.
Negi, S.S., Rajan, S. and Kumar, R. (2000). Developing new Mango varieties through hybridization. Acta Horticulturae. 509: 159-160.
Rastgoo, S. (2004). Investigation of genetic diversity of Mango seedlings in Hormozgan province using some morphological and physio-chemical traits and introduce elite genotypes. Tehran University M.Sc Thesis. 130 pages.
Richard, E.L. (2009). The mango Botany. Production and Uses nND Edition. CABI Publishing. 670 p.
Rodrigues, L.C., Morales, M.R., Fernandes, A.J.B. and Ortiz, J.M. (2006). Morphological characterization of sweet and sour cherry cultivars in a germplasm bank at Portugal. Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation. 17: 143-182.
Safaei, L. and Ghasryani, F. (2015). Genetic diversity of vegetative and reproductive in different stipa (Stipa barbata var. arabica) in Isfahan province. Iranian Journal of Rangelands and Forests and Plants Breeding and Genetic Research. 23(2): 299-313.
Saini, R.S., Sharma, K.D. and Dhankhar Kaushik, R.A. (2001). Laboratory manual of analytical techniques in in Horticulture. Agrobios, Publisher India. 135P.
Salimpour, A., Ebadi, A., Fattahimoghadam, M. R. and Bihamta, M. (2011). Evaluation of genetic diversity on some Almond using morphological traits. Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 42 (4): 319-327.
Shomeli, M., Talaei, A. and Fattahimoghadam, M. R. (2009). Study of genetic diversity and fruit fully pattern of Iranian mango genotypes. PhD dissertation. Department of Horticultural Sciences. University of Tehran. 198 pages.
Viruel, M. A., Escribanol, P., Barbieri, M., Ferri, M. and Hormaza, J. I. (2005). Fingerprinting embryo type and geographic differentiation in mango (Mangifera indica,) with microsatellites. Molecular Breeding. 15: 383–393.
Wanger, G. J. (1979). Content and vacuole/ extra vacuole distribution of neutral sugars, free amino acids, and anthocyanins in protoplast. Plant Physiology. 64: 88-93.
Yazdi Samadi, B. and Badroddin Ebrahim, S. (2011). Principles of genetics, Tehran, Tehran University Press. 368 pages.