آللوپاتی و مکانیسم های فیزیولوژیک اثر بخشی آن در گیاهان
محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی محیطیحمزه امیری 1 * , حسین محمدی محتشم 2
1 - گروه زیست شناسی دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه لرستان، لرستان، ایران
کلید واژه: آللوشیمیایی, ترکیبات فنلی, علف هرز, تولید غذا, کشاورزی مدرن ,
چکیده مقاله :
متعادل کردن بهره‌وری محصولات کشاورزی با پایداری محیط‌زیست یکی از چالش‌های اصلی کشاورزی در سراسر جهان است. ظهور علف‌های هرز مقاوم به علف‌کش‌های مصنوعی خسارات اقتصادی زیادی ایجاد می‌کند، بنابراین استراتژی‌های کنترل علف‌های هرز در کشاورزی مدرن بسیار موردنیاز است. استفاده از ویژگی آللوپاتی گیاهان آللوپات می‌تواند نقش مهمی در مدیریت و کنترل علف‌های هرز ایفا کند. این گیاهان از طریق تولید و ترشح متابولیت‌هایی که به محیط اطراف خـود رهـا (آزاد) می‌کننـد تأثیر منفی بر جوانه‌زنی و رشد علف‌های هرز مجاورگذاشته و از این طریق رشد و تراکم آنها را محدود می‌کننـد. لـذا استفاده از این نوع گیاهان و یا بقایای آنها می‌تواند موجب کاهش مصرف علف‌کش‌ها شیمیایی شـود. گنجاندن یک رویکرد طبیعی دوستدار محیط زیست یا همان آللوپاتی به‌عنوان ابزاری در جهت کنترل علف‌های هرز با رشد محصولات خاص یا سم‌پاشی مزارع با عصاره‌های حاوی ترکیبات آللوپاتیک می‌تواند به طور قابل‌توجهی استفاده از علف‌کش‌های شیمیایی را کاهش دهد. آللوپاتی به‌عنوان یک پدیده چندبعدی در نظر گرفته می‌شود که به طور مداوم در اکوسیستم‌های طبیعی و انسانی رخ می‌دهد و به‌وسیله آن یک ارگانیسم مواد بیوشیمیایی تولید می‌کند که بر رشد، بقا، توسعه و تولیدمثل موجودات دیگر تأثیر می‌گذارد.
Balancing agricultural productivity with environmental sustainability is one of the key challenges in agriculture worldwide. The emergence of herbicide-resistant weeds creates significant economic damage, making weed control strategies crucial in modern agriculture. The use of allelopathic plant traits can play a significant role in weed management and control. These plants release metabolites into their surrounding environment, negatively impacting the germination and growth of neighboring weeds, thus restricting their growth and density. Therefore, the use of such plants or their residues can lead to a reduction in the use of chemical herbicides. Incorporating an environmentally-friendly approach such as allelopathy as a tool for weed control in specific crop growth or spraying fields with extracts containing allelopathic compounds can significantly reduce the reliance on chemical herbicides. Allelopathy is considered a multidimensional phenomenon that continuously occurs in natural and human ecosystems, where organisms produce biochemical substances that affect the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of other organisms.
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