Study on the growth of (Achillea millefolium L.) medicinal plant by soil inoculation of mountainous area with selected mycorrhizal fungi

Subject Areas : Plant Physiology

Bostan Roudi ¹ , Mohammad Mahdi Salamatmanesh ²

1 - Department of biology,faculty of science, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch ,Damghan,Iran
2 - Department of biology, Damghan branch, Islamic azad university, Damghan, Iran

Received: 2019-01-14 Accepted : 2019-01-14 Published : 2018-10-01

Keywords: growth parameters, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Achillea millefolium L, inoculated treatments,

Abstract :

In recent years, the use of soil microbial potential including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is widely considered to enhance the better growth and nutrition of plants. This research was conducted in order to study the impact of mycorrhizal fungi on the increase of yarrow production and the plant establishment affected by the symbiotic relationships between fungi and yarrow plant, based on factorial experiment as a randomized complete block (RCB) design with 4 treatments. Inoculated treatments included non-inoculated condition as control mode, inoculated with G. fasciculatum, G. mosseae and G. intraradice fungi. At the end of growth season, some growth parameters such as colonization, plant establishment, essential oil percentage and also morphological properties including fresh and dry weight of shoot and root and the root volume were measured. Results showed that the inoculation of Achillea millefolium L. with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have a significant effect on the measured parameters. This means that the inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi leads to increasing the plant establishment and essential oil percentage, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, and also the root volume compared to the control mode. It is noteworthy that among the three treatments done with fungi, the treatment of G. fasciculatum showed the most increase in the above parameters.

References:

Akram, M. 2013. 'Minireview on Achillea millefolium Linn'.The Journal of Membrane Biology, 246 (9): 661-663.

Alguacil, M. D., F. Caravaca, G. Diaz, P. Marin and A. Roldan, 2004. 'Establishment of Retama sphaerocarpa L. seedlings on a degraded semi-arid soil as influence by mycorrhizal inoculation and sewage-sludge amendment'. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 167: 637-644.

Ardakani, M. R. and M. Sharifi, 2017. 'Worm castings-based growing media with biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for producing organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in greenhouse'. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7: 2083-2093.

Asgary, S., G. H. Naderi, N. Sarrafzadegan, N. Mohammadifard, S. Mostafavi and R. Vakili, 2000. 'Antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of Achillea wilhelmsii'. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research, 26 (3): 89-93.

Azimi, R., S. Hossein Jafari, M. K. Kianian, V. Khaksarzade and A. Amini, 2016. 'Studying arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiotic effects on establishment and morphological characteristics of Bromus kopetdaghensis in cadmium contaminated soil'. Taiwan Water Conservancy, 64 (3): 82-91.

Barea, J. M., M. J. Pozo, R. Azcon and C. Azcon, 2005. 'Microbial co-operation in the rhizosphere'. Journal of Experimental Botany, 56 (417): 1761-1778.

Benedek, B., B. Kopp and M. F. Melzig, 2007. 'Achillea millefolium L. s.l. -- is the anti-inflammatory activity mediated by protease inhibition'? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113 (2): 312-317.

Biermann, B. J. and R. G. Linderman, 1981. 'Quantifying vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae: a proposed method towards standardization'. New Phytologist, 87: 63-67.

Bouyoucos, G. J. 1962. 'Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soils'. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465.

Brundrett, M. C. 2002. 'Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants'. New Phytologist, 154: 275-304.

Candan F., M. Unlu, B. Tepe, D. Daferera, M. Polissiou, A. Sokmen and H. A. Akpulat, 2003. 'Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae)'. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87 (2-3): 215-220.

Cavalcanti, A. M., C. H. Baggio, C. S. Freitas, L. Rieck, R. S. de Sousa, J. E. Da Silva-Santos, S. Mesia-Vela and M. C. Marques, 2006. 'Safety and antiulcer efficacy studies of Achillea millefolium L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats'. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107 (2): 277-284.

Chen, S. L., H. Yu, H. M. Luo, Q. Wu, C. F. Li and A. Steinmetz, 2016. 'Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects'. Chinese Medicine, 11: 37-47.

Copetta, A., G. Lingua and G. Berta, 2006. 'Effect of three AM fungi on growth distribution of glandular hairsand essential oil production in Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genoves'. Mycorrhiza, 16: 485-494.

Csupor-Loffler, B., Z. Hajdu, I. Zupko, B. Rethy, G. Falkay, P. Forgo and J. Hohmann, 2009. 'Antiproliferative effect of flavonoids and sesquiterpenoids from Achillea millefolium s.l. on culturedhuman tumour cell lines'. Phytotherapy Research, 23 (5): 672-676.

Dolatabadi, H., E. Mohammadi Goltapeh, A. Moieni and A. Varma, 2012. 'Evaluation of different densities ofauxin and endophytic fungi (Piriformospora indica and Sebacina vermifera) on Mentha piperita and Thymus vulgaris growth'. Journal of Biotechnology, 11 (7): 1644-1650.

Franken, P. 2012. 'The plant strengthening root endophyte Piriformospora indica: potential application and the biology behind'. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 96: 1455-1464.

Hamilton, A. 2003. Medicinal plants and conservation: issue and approaches. IUCN and WWF Publication.

Jarstfer, A. C., P. F. Koppenol and D. M. Sylvia, 1998. 'Tissue magnesium and calcium effects on arbuscular mycorrhiza development and fungal reproduction'. Mycorrhiza, 7: 237-242.

Kapoor, R., V. Chaudhary and A. K. Bhatnagar,2007. 'Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus application on artemisinin concentration in Artemisia annua L.' Mycorrhiza, 17 (7): 581-587.

Karamenderes, C. and S. Apaydin, 2003. 'Antispasmodic effect of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (O. Schwarz) Bassler on the rat isolated duodenum'. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84 (2-3): 175-179.

Khaosaad, T., H. Vierheilig, M. Nell, K. Zitterl-Eglseer and J. Novak, 2006. 'Arbuscular mycorrhiza alters the concentration of essential oils in oregano (Origanum sp., Lamiaceae)'. Mycorrhiza, 16 (6): 443-446.

Kjeldahl, J. 1883. 'Neue Methode zur Bestimmung des Stickstoffs in organischen Korpern'. Fresenius Journal Analytical Chemistry, 22: 366-382.

Lopez-Bucio, J., A. Cruz-Ramirez and L. Herrera-Estrella, 2003. 'The role of nutrient availability in regulating root architecture.' Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 6: 280-287.

Mahady, G. B., S. L. Pendland, A. Stoia, F. A. Hamill, D. Fabricant, B. M. Dietz and L. R. Chadwick, 2005. 'Invitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders'. Phytotherapy Research, 19 (11): 988-991.

Moradi, M. T., M. Rafieian-Koupaei, R. Imani-Rastabi, J. Nasiri, M. Shahrani, Z. Rabiei and Z. Alibabaei, 2013. 'Antispasmodic effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) extract in the isolated ileum of rat'. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines, 10 (6): 499-503.

Nemeth, E. and J. Bernath, 2008. 'Biological activities of yarrow species (Achillea spp.)'. Current pharmaceutical design, 14: 3151-3167.

Nikkah Naeeni, F., A. R. Ladan Moghadam, P. Moradi, M. Rezaei and V. Abdoosi, 2017. 'Effect of vermicompost and mycorrhiza fungi on yield and growth of milk thistle and antioxidant system activity'. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, 7: 2063-2074.

Olsen, S., C. Cole, F. Watanabe and L. Dean, 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA Circular No. 939, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Perez-Perez, J. M. 2007. 'Hormone signaling and root development: an update on the latest Arabidopsis thaliana research'. Functional Plant Biolology, 34 (3): 163-171.

Phillips, J. M. and D. S. Hayman, 1970. 'Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection'. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55:158-161.

Porras-Soriano, A., M. L. Soriano-Martin, A. Porras-Piedra and R. Azcon, 2009. 'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions'. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166: 1350-1359.

Querejeta, J. I., M. F. Allen, F. Caravaca and A. Roldan, 2006. 'Differential modulation of Host plant delta C-13 and delta O-18 by native and nonnative arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi in a semiarid environment'. New Phytologist, 169: 379-387.

Raei, Y. and W. Weisany, 2013.'Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with some aromatic and medicinal plants'. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and LifeSciences, 2(11): 129-138.

Rashid, M. I., L. H. Mujawar, T.Shahzad, T. Almeelbi, I. M. I. IsmailandM. Oves, 2016.'Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils'. Microbiological Research, 183: 26-41.

Ridsdale, C. 2012. 'What we know about arbuscular mycorhizal fungi and associated soil bacteria'. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(73): 13753-13760.

Sasanelli, N., A. Anton, T. Takacs, T. Addabbo, I. Biro and X. Malov, 2009. 'Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the nematicidal properties of leaf extracts of Thymus vulgaris L.'. Helminthologia, 46 (4): 230-240.

Schippmann, U., D. Leaman and A. B. Cunningham, 2006. 'A comparison of cultivation and wild collection ofmedicinal and aromatic plants under sustainability aspects'. In Bogers, R. J., L. E. Craker and D. Lange (Eds.). Pub Springer, printed in Netherlands, pp: 75-95.

Shahabivand, S., A. Padash, A. Aghaee, Y. Nasiri and P. F. Rezaei, 2018. 'Plant biostimulants (Funneliformis mosseae and humic substances) rather than chemical fertilizer improved biochemical responses in peppermint'. Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology,8: 2333-2344.

Sirrenberg, A., C. Gobel, S. Grond, N. Czempinski, A. Ratzinger, P. Karlovsky, P. Santos, I. Feussner and K. Pawlowski, 2007. 'Piriformospora indica affects plant growth by auxin production'. Plant Physiology, 131: 581-589.

Smith, S. E., F. A. Smith and I. Jakobsen, 2004. 'Functional diversity in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbioses: the contribution of the mycorrhizal P uptake pathway is not correlated with mycorrhizal responses in grwoth and total P uptake'. New Phytologist, 162: 511-524.

Smith, S. E. and D. J. Read, 2008. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. 3rd ed. San Diego, Academic Press.

Sparks, D. L., A. L. Page, P. A. Helmke, R. H. Loeppert, P. N. Soltanpour, M. A. Tabatabai, C. T. Johnston and M. E. Sumne, 1996. 'Methods of soil analysis: chemical methods'. In Bartels, J. M. (Ed.). Soil Science Society of America, Inc. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Stojanovic, G., N. Radulovic, T. Hashimoto and R. Palic, 2005. 'In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of four Achillea species: the composition of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae) extract'. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101 (1-3): 185-190.

Swift, C. E. 2004. Mycorrhiza and soil phosphorus levels. Area Extension Agent (Horticulture) Colorado State University Cooperative Extension Tri River Area. Website: http://mining.state.co.us/SiteCollectionDocuments/MycorrhizaAndSoilPhosphorusLevels.pdf

Thrall, P. H., L. M. Broadhurst, M. S. Hoque and D. J. Bagnall, 2009. 'Diversity and salt tolerance of native Acacia rhizobia isolated from saline and non-saline soils'. Austral Ecology, 34: 950-963.

Tozyo, T., Y. Yoshimura, K. Sakurai, N. Uchida, Y. Takeda, H. Nakai and H. Ishii, 1994. 'Novel antitumor sesquiterpenoids in Achillea millefolium'. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo), 42 (5): 1096-1100.

Uniyal, R. C., M. R. Uniyal and P. Jain, 2000. Cultivation of medicinal plants in India: a reference book. TRAFFIC India and WWF India, New Delhi.

Vadassery, J., C. Ritter, Y. Venus, I. Camehl, A. Varma, B. Shahollari, O. Novak, M. Strnad, J. Ludwig-Muller and R. Oelmuller, 2008. 'The role of auxins and cytokinins in the mutualistic interaction between Arabidopsis and Piriformospora indica'. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 21: 1371-1383.

Willuhn, G. 2002. Millefolii herba. In Wichtl, M. (Ed.). Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, pp: 399-403.

Yaeesh, S., Q. Jamal, A. U. Khan and A. H. Gilani, 2006. 'Studies on hepatoprotective, antispasmodic and calcium antagonist activities of the aqueous-methanol extract of Achillea millefolium'. Phytotherapy Research, 20(7):546-551.

Yao, Q., H. H. Zhu and J. Z. Chen, 2005. 'Growth responses and endogenous IAA and iPAs changes of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) seedlings induced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation'. Horticultural Science, 105 (1): 145-151.