Morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of Carum copticum (L.): effects of salicylic acid
Subject Areas : Plant Physiology
Shahnaz
Fathi
1
(Department of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, Shahid Bakeri High Education Center of Miandoab, Urmia University, Iran)
Sharareh
Najafian
2
(Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)
Keywords: Salicylic acid, Foliar application, Ajowan, Essential oil,
Abstract :
Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic compound and its foliar application shows regulatory effects on plants. In this research, Ajowan (Carum copticum) plants were treated with 0, 0.5, and 1 mM SA and proline, total phenol, chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble sugar, N, P, and K contents were studied. Results showed that application of SA affected both quantitative and qualitative traits of Ajowan. The plants treated with SA (0.5 and 1 mM) showed higher plant height, number of umbels per plant, stem diameter, number of branch, number of seed per umbel, seed yield, a thousand kernel weight, and percentage and yield of essential oil compared to control plants. With supplementation of SA and increasing its concentration, total phenol, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and soluble sugar contents were also significantly enhanced. Results also indicated that application of SA significantly improved the amount of macro-element (N, P, and K) in Ajowan compared to untreated plants. In sum, application of SA as a foliar agent resulted in a remarkable change in morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Ajowan plants.
Angourani, H. R., J. P.Yangajeh, S. BolandNazar, J. Saba and F. Z. Nahandi. 2017. 'The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic acid on some Quantitative and qualitative attributes of Medicinal pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Styriaca) under drought stress'. Advanced Biomedical Research. 8.10.15515/abr.0976-4585.8.2.242249.
Arnon, D. 1949. 'Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts'.Plant Physiol. 24(1): 1–15.
Bairwa, R., R. Sodha and B. Rajawat. 2012. 'Trachyspermum ammi'. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 6(11): 56-60.
Bano, U., A. F. Khan, F. Mujeeb, N. Maurya, H. Tabassum, M. H. Siddiqui, M. Haneef, K. Osama and A. Farooqui. 2016.' Effect of plant growth regulators on essential oil yield in aromatic plants'. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 8 (7): 733-739.
Bates, L., R. Waldren and I. Teare. 1973. 'Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies'. Plant and soil ,39:205-207.
Bideshki, A and M. Arvin. 2010.' Effect of salicylic acid (SA) and drought stress on growth, bulb yield and allicin content of garlic (Allium sativum) in field'. Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, 2: 73-79.
Bouyoucos, G.J. 1962. 'Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils'. Agronomy journal, 54: 464-465.
Bremner, J. 1996. Nitrogen-total. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3- Chemical Methods, 1085-1121.
Bybordi, A.,S. Saadat and P. Zargaripour. 2018. 'The effect of zeolite, selenium and silicon on qualitative and quantitative traits of onion grown under salinity conditions'. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 64: 520-530.
El-Tayeb, M. 2005. 'Response of barley grains to the interactive effect of salinity and salicylic acid'. Plant Growth Regulation, 45: 215-224.
Gao, X., M. Ohlander, N. Jeppsson, L. Bjork and V. Trajkovski. 2000. 'Changes in antioxidant effects and their relationship to phytonutrients in fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) during maturation'. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 48: 1485-1490.
Gharib, F. 2006. 'Effect of salicylic acid on the growth, metabolic activities and oil content of basil and marjoram'. Int. J. Agr. Biol. 4, 485-492.
Hashmi, N., M. M. A. Khan, M. Idrees and T. Aftab. 2012. 'Exogenous salicylic acid stimulates physiological and biochemical changes to improve growth, yield and active constituents of fennel essential oil'. Plant Growth Regulation, 68: 281-291.
Hassanzadeh, K., K. H. Hematie and M. Alizadeh. 2016. 'The effect of organic fertilizers and salicylic acid on yield and some secondary metabolites of comman balm (Melissa officinalis L.)'. Plant Products Research Journal, 23(1): 107-130.
Helmke, P.A. and Sparks, D.L. 1996.' Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium'. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods (D.L. Sparks, Eds.). pp. 551-574. Madison, Wisc.: SSSA and ASA
Idrees, M., M. M. A. Khan, T. Aftab, M. Naeem and N. Hashmi. 2010. 'Salicylic acid-induced physiological and biochemical changes in lemongrass varieties under water stress'. Journal of Plant Interactions, 5, 293-303.
Jafari, N and E. Hadavi. 2011. 'Growth and essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens) as affected by foliar sprays of citric acid and malic acid'. International Symposium on Medicinal, Aromatic and Nutraceutical Plants from Mountainous Areas (MAP-Mountain 2011) 955, 287-290.
Khalid, K. A and M. R. Shedeed. 2015. 'Effect of NPK and foliar nutrition on growth, yield and chemical constituents in Nigella sativa L.' Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 6, 1709-1714.
Khan, N. A., S. Syeed, A. Masood, R. Nazar and N. Iqbal. 2010. 'Application of salicylic acid increases contents of nutrients and antioxidative metabolism in mungbean and alleviates adverse effects of salinity stress'. International Journal of Plant Biology. 1(1): 1-8
Mashayekhi, K and S. Atashi. 2012. 'The effect of foliar application of boric acid and sucrose on some biochemical properties of strawberry plants cv. Camarosa'. Plant Products Research Journal, 19(4): 157-172.
Metwally, A., I. Finkemeier, M. Georgi, and K. J. Dietz. 2003. 'Salicylic acid alleviates the cadmium toxicity in barley seedlings'. Plant Physiology, 132, 272-281.
Moein, M.R., K. Zomorodian, K. Pakshir,F. Yavari, M. Motamedi and M. M. Zarshenas. 2015. 'Trachyspermum ammi (L.) sprague: chemical composition of essential oil and antimicrobial activities of respective fractions'. J. Evid. Based. Complementary. Alternative Medicine, 20: 50-56.
Mohammadzadeh, M., H. Arouiee, S. H. Neamati and M. Shoor. 2013. 'Effect of different levels of salt stress and salicylic acid on morphological characteristics of four mass native basils (Ocimum basilcum)'. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production. 4 (S): 3590-3596.
Nazar, R., N. Iqbal, S. Syeed and N. A. Khan. 2011. 'Salicylic acid alleviates decreases in photosynthesis under salt stress by enhancing nitrogen and sulfur assimilation and antioxidant metabolism differentially in two mungbean cultivars'. Plant Physiology, 168, 807-815.
Nazar, R., S. Umar, N. Khan and O. Sareer. 2015. 'Salicylic acid supplementation improves photosynthesis and growth in mustard through changes in proline accumulation and ethylene formation under drought stress'. South African Medical Journal, 98, 84-94.
Nelson, D.W. and L.E. Sommers. 1996. 'Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter'. p. 961-1010. In: Black, C.A., ed. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods. Soil Science of America and American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.
Nivedithadevi, D., Somasundaram. R and R. Pannerselvam. 2012. 'Effect of abscisic acid, paclobutrazol and salicylic acid on the growth and pigment variation in Solanum trilobatum (l)'. International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 4, 236-246.
Nourafcan, H. 2014. 'Effect of salicylic acid on salinity stress tolerance improvement of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in greenhouse'. Sustainable Agriculture Journal, 10: 85-95.
Olsen, S.R. 1954. 'Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate'. United States Department Of Agriculture; Washington.
Palma, F., M. López-Gómez, N. A. Tejera and C. Lluch. 2013. 'Salicylic acid improves the salinity tolerance of Medicago sativa in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti by preventing nitrogen fixation inhibition'. Plant Science, 208: 75-82.
Paul, S and S. Kang. 2012. 'Studies on the viability and membrane integrity of human spermatozoa treated with essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague ex Turrill fruit'. Andrologia. 44: 117-125.
Pirbalouti, A.G., M. R. Samani, M. Hashemi and H. Zeinali. 2014.' Salicylic acid affects growth, essential oil and chemical compositions of thyme (Thymus daenensis Celak.) under reduced irrigation'. Plant Growth Regulation. 72: 289-301.
Ramesh, K., B. Chandrasekaran, T. Balasubramanian, U. Bangarusamy, R. Sivasamy and N. Sankaran. 2002. 'Chlorophyll dynamics in rice (Oryza sativa) before and after flowering based on SPAD (chlorophyll) meter monitoring and its relation with grain yield'. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188, 102-105.
Senaratna, T., D. Touchell, E. Bunn and K. Dixon. 2000. 'Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) and salicylic acid induce multiple stress tolerance in bean and tomato plants'. Plant Growth Regulation, 30: 157-161.
Tarakemeh, A., V. Rowshan and SH. Najafian. 2012. 'Essential oil content and composition of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. as affected by drying method and extraction time'. Analytical Chemistry Letter, 2: 244-249.
Vitali, L. A., D. Beghelli, P. C. B. Nya, O. Bistoni, L. Cappellacci, S. Damiano, G. Lupidi, F. Maggi, G. Orsomando and F. Papa. 2016.' Diverse biological effects of the essential oil from Iranian Trachyspermum ammi'. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9: 775-786.
Zamaninejad, M., S. KhavariKhorasani, M. Jami Moeini and A. R. Heidarian. 2013. 'Effect of salicylic acid on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.) under drought condition’. European Journal of Experimental Biology , 3, 153-161.