The Effect of Roselle Calyx Extract and Nano-ZnO Biofilm on Walnut's Chemical and Sensory Properties

Subject Areas : Food Science and Technology

Neda Sadat Aghayan ¹ ( Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahrood Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood, Iran )
Maede Sadat Abbasi ² ( Department of Food Science and Technology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran )
Anna Etemadi Razlighi ³ ( Department of Food Science & Egineering, Mahalat Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahalat, Iran )
Atousa Kokabian ⁴ ( Quality Control Manager of Zarvar Company Hamedan, Iran )
Neda Fallah ⁵ ( Production and Recycling of Materials and Energy Research Center, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran|Department of Food Science and Technology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran )
Grace Morine ⁶ ( Veterinary Mycology Group, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalunya, Spain )

Received: 2023-09-24 Accepted : 2023-11-14 Published : 2024-03-01

Keywords: free radicals, Fungal growth, Bionanocomposite film, Biopackaging, Oxidation reaction,

Abstract :

Bionanocomposite active films made from tapioca starch and bovine gelatin, with the addition of roselle calyx extract (RCE) and zinc oxide nanorod (ZnO-N), were created as packaging material to protect walnuts against mold, yeast contamination, and lipid oxidation. Three types of packaging were produced: tapioca starch and bovine gelatin (control sample), tapioca starch, bovine gelatin, and RCE, and tapioca starch, bovine gelatin, ZnO-N, and RCE. Approximately 30 grams of walnuts were packed using each type of packaging and evaluated for acidity value, mold and yeast count, peroxide value, and sensory tests. After 90 days, the mold and yeast count of walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N and RCE was 4.49 and 4.65 log cfu/g respectively, compared to 4.95 log cfu/g in the control sample. At the end of the conservation period, the aroma score was 3.59 for walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N, compared to 2.5 for those packed with tapioca starch and bovine gelatin. The acidity value indicated that walnuts packed with RCE and RCE/ZnO-N had a positive effect on acidity, with the lowest value found in walnuts packed with RCE/ZnO-N. The study showed that bionanocomposite packaging films containing RCE and ZnO-N are effective in protecting walnuts against fungal contamination and oxidation.

References:

Adiletta G, Magri A, Albanese D, Liguori L, Sodo M, Di Matteo M, Petriccione M (2020) Overall quality and oxidative damage in packaged freshly shelled walnut kernels during cold storage. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 14(6), 3483-3492.

Al-Bachir M (2004) Effect of gamma irradiation on fungal load, chemical and sensory characteristics of walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Journal of Stored Products Research. 40(4), 355-362.

AOAC (2012) Official Method of Analysis of AOAC International. Latimer GW(19th ed. AOAC International).

Atarés L, Pérez-Masiá R, Chiralt A (2011) The role of some antioxidants in the HPMC film properties and lipid protection in coated toasted almonds. Journal of Food Engineering. 104(4), 649-656.

Aydin G, Zorlu EB (2022) Characterisation and Antibacterial Properties of Novel Biodegradable Films Based on Alginate and Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Extract. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 13(6), 2991-3002.

Aydogdu A, Sumnu G, Sahin, S (2019) Fabrication of gallic acid loaded Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nanofibers by electrospinning technique as active packaging material. Carbohydrate Polymers. 208(4), 241-250.

Aydogdu A, Yildiz E, Aydogdu Y, Sumnu  G, Sahin S, Ayhan, Z (2019) Enhancing oxidative stability of walnuts by using gallic acid loaded lentil flour based electrospun nanofibers as active packaging material. Food Hydrocolloids. 95(4) 245-255.

Babapour  H, Jalali H, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2022) Effects of Active Packaging Based on Potato Starch/Nano Zinc Oxide/Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller) Essential Oil on Fresh Pistachio during Cold Storage. Journal of Nuts. 13(2), 105-123.

Bumbudsanpharoke N, Ko S (2015) Nano-Food Packaging: An Overview of Market, Migration Research, and Safety Regulations. Journal of Food Science. 80(5), R910-R923.

Chavoshi N, Marvizadeh MM, Fallah N, Rezaei-savadkouhi N, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2023) Application of Novel Nano-biopackaging Based on Cassava Starch/Bovine Gelatin / Titanium oxide nanoparticle/Fennel Essential Oil to Improve Quality of the Raw Fresh Pistachio. Journal of Nuts. 14(1), 19-31.

Costa C, Conte A, Buonocore G.G., Del Nobile MA (2011) Antimicrobial silver-montmorillonite nanoparticles to prolong the shelf life of fresh fruit salad. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 148(3), 164-167.

Davoodi F, Naji MH (2018). Study of the effect of sodium alginate coating containing pomegranate peel extract on chemical, sensory and microbial quality of walnut kernel. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal. 5(4), 249-257.

Erfani A, Pirouzifard MK, Almasi H, Gheybi N, Pirsa S (2022) Application of cellulose plate modified with encapsulated Cinnamomum zelanicum essential oil in active packaging of walnut kernel. Food Chemistry. 381, 132246.

Etemadi Razlighi A, Doroudi A, Nabeghvatan N, Jadiri Ghalabi E, Smith A (2023) Study of the Nutritional, Antimicrobial and Chemical Properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa: Towards Findings Novel Natural Substance for Active Film. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. [In press]

Fallah,N, Marvizadeh MM, Jahangiri R, Zeinalzadeh A, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2022) High-Barrier and Light – protective Bionanocomposite Film Based on Rye Starch/nanorod-ZnO for Food Packaging Applications. Journal of Chemical Health Risks.  13(2) 299-304.

Fallah N, Nabeghvatan N, Sadeghi T, Etemadi Razlighi A, Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2023) Antimicrobial and Hydrophilic Behavior of Soluble Soy Polysaccharide Starch/Cold Water Fish Gelatin Films Incorporated with Nano-Titanium Dioxide. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. [In press]

Habashi RT, Zomorodi S, Talaie A, Jari, SK. (2019). Evaluation of shelf life of walnut kernel coated by antioxidants in combination with packaging under different storage conditions. Journal of Postharvest Technology. 7(3), 87-95.

Jafarzadeh S, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Salehabadi A, Oladzad-abbasabadi N, Jafari Seid Mahdi (2021) Application of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings for extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 291, 102405.

Javidi Sahar, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Hashemi Moghadam H (2022) Synergistic effect of nano-ZnO and Mentha piperita essential oil on the moisture sorption isotherm, antibacterial activity, physicochemical, mechanical, and barrier properties of gelatin film. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 16(2), 964-974.

Kavuncuoglu H, Yalcin H, Dogan M (2021) Development of new active nanocomposite packaging films containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernel packaging. Packaging Technology and Science. 34(3), 151-160.

Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi AR, Jokar M (2016) Obtaining and Characterization of Bionanocomposite Film Based on Tapioca Starch/Bovine Gelatin/Nanorod Zinc Oxide. Food Structure Design. Akdeniz University, 160.

Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2014) Preparation and Characterization of Novel Bionanocomposite Based on Tapioca Starch/Gelatin/Nanorod-rich ZnO: Towards Finding Antimicrobial Coating for Nuts. Journal of Nuts. 5(2), 39-47.

Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2014) Improved Physicochemical Properties of Tapioca Starch/Bovine Gelatin Biodegradable Films with Zinc Oxide Nanorod. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 4(4), 25-31

Marvizadeh MM, Oladzadabbasabadi N, Mohammadi Nafchi A, Jokar M (2017) Preparation and characterization of bionanocomposite film based on tapioca starch/bovine gelatin/nanorod zinc oxide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 99, 1-7.

Marvizadeh MM, Tajik A, Moosavian V, Oladzadabbasabadi Nazila, Mohammadi Nafchi AR (2021) Fabrication of Cassava Starch/Mentha piperita Essential Oil Biodegradable Film with Enhanced Antibacterial Properties. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 11(1), 23-29.

Mihaly Cozmuta A, Apjok R, Peter A, Mihaly Cozmuta L, Nicula C, Baia M, Vulpoi A (2018) Active papers coated with chitosan and containing TiO₂ and Ag/TiO₂ nanoparticles for increasing the shelf-life of walnut kernels. Cellulose. 25(9), 5205-5225.

Moosavian V, Marvizadeh MM, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2017) Biodegradable Films Based on Cassava Starch/Mentha piperita Essence: Fabrication, Characterization and Properties. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 7(3), 239-245.

Nannsu W, Chaiwut P, Sukunya R, Gareth R, Suphrom N, Mahasaranon S (2021) Developments of biodegradable polymer based on polylactic acid (PLA) with natural color extracts for packaging film applications. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 31(3), 127-133.

Nobari A, Marvizadeh MM, Sadeghi T, Rezaei-savadkouhi  N, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2022). Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pigments Characterization of Pistachio Nut (Pistacia vera) as a Function of Cultivar. Journal of Nuts. 13(4), 313-322.

Ozturk I, Sagdic O, Yalcin H, Capar TD, Asyali MH (2016) The effects of packaging type on the quality characteristics of fresh raw pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) during the storage. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 65, 457-463.

Peredo Pozos GI, Ruiz-López MA, Zamora Nátera JF, Álvarez Moya C, Barrientos Ramírez L, Reynoso Silva M, Vargas Radillo JJ (2020) Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process. Applied Sciences. 10(2), 560.

Portillo-Torres LA, Bernardino-Nicanor A, Gómez-Aldapa CA, González-Montiel S, Rangel-Vargas E, Villagómez-Ibarra JR, Castro-Rosas J (2019) Hibiscus Acid and Chromatographic Fractions from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyces: Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria. Antibiotics. 8(4), 218.

Sadeghi T, Doroudi A, Aghayan NS, Jodeiri Golabi E, Allen C (2023) Biodegradable Composite Film Based on Tapioca Starch/Bovine Gelatin with Roselle Calyx Extract and Zinc Oxide Nanorod. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. [In press]

Sadeghi T, Marvizadeh MM, Ebrahimi F, Mafi S, Foughani O, Mohammadi Nafchi A (2022) Assessment of Nutritional and Antioxidant Activity of Sport Drink Enriched with Spirulina platensis. Journal of Chemical Health Risks. 13(3). 485-496.

 

Souza VGL, Rodrigues C, Valente S, Pimenta C, Pires JRA, Alves MM, Fernando AL (2020) Eco-Friendly ZnO/Chitosan Bionanocomposites Films for Packaging of Fresh Poultry Meat. Coatings. 10(2), 110.

Talebi Habashi R, Zomorodi S, Talaie,A, Kalateh Jari S (2019) Evaluation of Shelf Life of Walnut Kernels Treated by Antioxidants and Different Packaging under Two Temperatures. Journal of Nuts. 10(2), 153-162.

Tavakoli H, Rastegar H, Taherian M, Samadi M, Rostami H (2017) The effect of nano-silver packaging in increasing the shelf life of nuts: An in vitro model. Italian Journal of Food Safety. 6(4), 6874.

Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C (2018) New Antioxidant Multilayer Packaging with Nanoselenium to Enhance the Shelf-Life of Market Food Products. Nanomaterials. 8(10), 837.

Vinha AF, Rodrigues F, Nunes M, Antónia Oliveira M, Beatriz PP (2018) 11 - Natural pigments and colorants in foods and beverages. In C. M. Galanakis (Ed.), Polyphenols: Properties, Recovery, and Applications. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 363-391.

Zhang J, Zou X, Zhai X, Huang  XW, Jiang C, Holmes M (2019) Preparation of an intelligent pH film based on biodegradable polymers and roselle anthocyanins for monitoring pork freshness. Food Chemistry. 272, 306-312.

Ziaolhagh SH, Fatemian H, Goodarzi F (2020) The Effect of Thermal Pretreatment and Packaging Conditions on the Shelf-life of Walnut Kernels. Journal of Nuts. 11(2), 159-168.