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Manuscript ID : IJES-2109-1650 (R2) Visit : 113 Page: 252 - 262

10.30495/ijes.2022.1939526.1650

Article Type: Original Research

The evaluation of Khyber limestone in Pakistan for using as road aggregate based on geotechnical properties

Subject Areas : Economic Geology

Naveed  Rehman 1 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Syed Haroon  Ali 2 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Zahid  Ullah 3 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Muhammad  Kashif 4 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Muhammad Arslan  Abid 5 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Atif  Saleem 6 (Department of Earth Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan)
Amjad  Ali 7 (School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Hangzhou City, China)
Muhammad  Yaseen 8 (Department of Geology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)

Received: 2021-09-08 Accepted : 2021-12-13 Published : 2021-12-13

Keywords: road aggregates, Khyber Formation, Limestone, Schmidt hammer rebound,

Abstract :

Khyber Formation of Paleozoic age, has been studied here to access its physiochemical and mechanical characteristics. There has been several studies on the sedimentology of the Khyber limestone, however, much more detailed study is required to understand it aggregate potential in desired resolution and precision. It is achieved by understanding the rock types, microscopic textures and physical/ mechanical properties. The Khyber Formation is widely exposed in eastern and central parts of district Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province, Pakistan. It is a thick bedded hard limestone unit. The carbonates in the Khyber Formation are dominated by calcite, with dolomite, and other accessory minerals as minor component. The mechanical and physical properties of aggregates like specific gravity (2.69), water absorption (0.80%), soundness (2.34%), Los Angeles abrasion value (23.60%), aggregate crushing value (12.18%), aggregate impact value (12.76%) flaky index (10.15%), elongation index (13.02%), California bearing ratio (90.35%), coating and stripping values (96.32%), Schmidt rebound attains (34.23) and compressive strength (38.58Mpa) are according to the available standards. The petrographic analyses of samples of Khyber Formation and energy dispersive X-Rays analysis (EDX) illustrate that it dominantly consists of calcite (88-92%) with small to trace assemblage of dolomite (2-8%), ungraded quartz (1-3%) and ores (1-2%). The chemical and petrographic examinations show that the limestone units of the Khyber Formation are inoffensive in terms of Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) and Alkali Carbonate Reaction (ACR). These characteristics of the limestone units demonstrating that these deposits are potential aggregate for large-scale projects in the KP Province (Pakistan) and region.

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