Reducing Mortality and Improving Performance Due to Ascites by Supplementing with Broccoli Ethanol Extract through Improving Antioxidant Status and Inflammatory in Broiler Chickens
Subject Areas :M. Fathi 1 * , S. Saidian 2 , P. Mardani 3 , S. Nikjo 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, broccoli ethanolic extract, broiler, cold stress, PHS,
Abstract :
Ascites syndrome is one of the most important metabolic disorders in growing broiler chickens worldwide. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with of broccoli ethanolic extract (BEE) on broiler chickens subjected to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) induced by cold stress. A total of 500 broiler chickens were used in this study. One hundred birds were reared under thermoneutral conditions and assigned to the negative control group (NT). The remaining 400 birds were exposed to cold stress to induce pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) and were randomly divided into four groups of 100 birds each: (1) the CS group, which received a basal diet and served as the positive control; and three treatment groups-(2) BEE-1, (3) BEE-2, and (4) BEE-3-receiving 1000, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg of broccoli ethanol extract (BEE), respectively. Exposure to cold resulted in a 30% incidence of PHS in the control group, characterized by significant increases in relative heart and right ventricle weights, right ventricle/total ven-tricle (RV/TV) ratios, and mortality (P<0.01). Supplementation with BEE at all tested levels significantly improved cardiac parameters and reduced mortality (P<0.01). PHS negatively affected performance traits by reducing body weight gain and feed intake while increasing feed conversion ratio (P<0.01); these effects were mitigated by BEE supplementation, which enhanced growth performance and feed efficiency. BEE supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.01). Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β increased and IL-10 decreased in PHS-affected birds, while BEE treatment reversed these changes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects (P<0.01). Hemato-logical disturbances caused by PHS, such as increased WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and heterophil counts, were also significantly alleviated by BEE (P<0.01). Overall, dietary supplementation with ethanolic extract of broccoli effectively mitigates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and perform-ance losses associated with PHS in broiler chickens.
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