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List of Articles
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Open Access Article
1 - Key Barriers to Knowledge-Based Firms in Agricultural Industry
منوچهر انصاری حسین جمور محمد حق شناس محمد کاوسی کلاشمیGiven the importance of knowledge-based firms in the agricultural sector, this paper aimed to identify barriers hindering companies from becoming knowledge-based in the dominant competitive and dynamic environment. To this end, using a qualitative approach, in-depth int MoreGiven the importance of knowledge-based firms in the agricultural sector, this paper aimed to identify barriers hindering companies from becoming knowledge-based in the dominant competitive and dynamic environment. To this end, using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from 38 experts and managers in agricultural companies working in Alborz Science and Technology Park Isfahan, Hamedan, and Tehran University. The main criterion for determining the sample size was to reach the theoretical saturation. All respondents were selected using a theoretical and purposeful sampling method. Data coding and analysis procedures were completed in three stages. According to the results of the study, five main internal and external elements were identified: market inefficiency, governance-administrative barriers, inefficient union or organization, lack of skills and professionalism, and the internal inefficiency of the company. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Faculty Members’ Development in Agricultural Higher Education: Does the University Size Matter?
مرتضی اکبری افسانه باقری عایت عباسیHigher education has recently faced new challenges and responsibilities such as higher expectations to contribute to national and regional developments, considerable cuts in public funds, and the highly competitive educational markets. Previous research has suggested a MoreHigher education has recently faced new challenges and responsibilities such as higher expectations to contribute to national and regional developments, considerable cuts in public funds, and the highly competitive educational markets. Previous research has suggested a positive association between the development of human capital and capacity to deal with these challenges in higher education institutions. Yet, there are few empirical studies on the factors that constitute faculty members’ development. The main purpose of this study was to investigate faculty members’ development components in Agricultural Higher Education in Iran. Specifically, it aimed to explore the differences among faculties of agriculture on the components of their faculty members’ development and analyzed academics’ perceptions toward the current and desirable status of their development. Furthermore, this research examined the faculty members’ perceptions of the most influential component of their development. The population was 1837 faculty members and 280 of them were selected using the stratified random sampling method. The results showed that the faculty members perceived their individual development as higher than and equal to average. There was also a significant difference between universities on the components of their faculty members’ development based on their size except for their individual development. The analysis also suggested wide gaps between the status quo and desirable situations of each component of development as perceived by the faculty members. Furthermore, the faculty members perceived their professional development as the most influential component of their development. Recommendations are made to improve faculty members’ development in agricultural higher education particularly in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Requirements of Establishing Innovative Rural Organizations to Improve Food Security from Rice Grower's Perspective
مریم زمانی علایی سید جمال فرج اله حسینی سیدمهدی میردامادی فرهاد لشگرآراRural innovative producing organizations can increase farmers' incomes and improve food security by providing services to farmers. The specific objectives of this paper were to identify the economic, social-cultural, infrastructural, political, educational, and technica MoreRural innovative producing organizations can increase farmers' incomes and improve food security by providing services to farmers. The specific objectives of this paper were to identify the economic, social-cultural, infrastructural, political, educational, and technical requirements for innovations in rural institutions to improve food security of farmers in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The total population of this study was 113,141 farmers in Mazandaran Province and by using Cochran formula 216 were selected through cluster random sampling method. The Delphi method was used for qualitative part of analysis, which was done in a three-phase distribution of questionnaires and interviews with rice experts. For each of the requirements, items of interest were added and removed, and a table of items including the most points (to a maximum of70%) was extracted. A Bayesian analysis was used for by using AMOS16and SPSS16 software. Based on the results of Bayesian analysis the economic requirements had the greatest impact on establishing innovative rural institutions to improve food security of rice growers. It was also found out that socio-cultural, political, infrastructural, educational, and technical requirements, respectively could play an important role in helping rural institutions to enhance food security in rural areas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Factors Affecting Biomass Energy Utilization by Small Holder Farmers in Iran
سیده مرضیه رازقی حسین شعبانعلی فمی روح اله رضاییThe main purpose of this survey was to assess biomass production and use as a source of energy by smallholders in Tafresh County located in Markazi Province, Iran. A descriptive survey method was used for data collection. The statistical population consisted of 2,470 sm MoreThe main purpose of this survey was to assess biomass production and use as a source of energy by smallholders in Tafresh County located in Markazi Province, Iran. A descriptive survey method was used for data collection. The statistical population consisted of 2,470 smallholders. A sample size of 300 was selected by using the stratified random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. A panel of experts confirmed the validity of the questionnaire. A pilot study was conducted to establish the reliability of the instrument. The Cronbach alpha's coefficient was higher than 0.75 for the main scales of the questionnaire. The results showed that the residues of plants and animals are recognized as a potential source of renewable energy, but there exists no specific policy or technical instruction for their optimal use, particularly in organizations such as Agriculture Jihad. Therefore, many farmers burn a considerable amount of firewood without being aware of its potential use. Findings revealed that “diversification of productive activities” had the greatest influence on the use of biomass energy, and the variables “annual cost of gas at home” and “animal farming experience” were ranked the 2nd and 3rd most important factors influencing the dependent variable, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Role of Conservative Agriculture in the Sustainability of Soil Structure in Achieving Sustainable Management
سحر دعایی ابراهیم پذیرا شهلا محمودی علی محمدی ترکاشوندConservative agriculture is considered an alternative to tackle the need for increased agricultural production based on sustainable agriculture activities with the aim of increasing production and product stability along with preserving the environment. Tillage is one o MoreConservative agriculture is considered an alternative to tackle the need for increased agricultural production based on sustainable agriculture activities with the aim of increasing production and product stability along with preserving the environment. Tillage is one of the most important factors affecting soil structure. Appropriate tillage systems vary with local conditions, such as climate, soil type, type of plant residues, tensile strength, and so on. Understanding the components of the aggregate sustainability controller is very important for maintaining soil structure. This review paper discusses the role of tillage in aggregate stability and soil structure to reach conservative agriculture development. Considering the advantages of conservation tillage, it is better to use this kind of tillage for sustainable agriculture development. Based on the analysis of the available literature, it can be concluded that the conservation tillage also enhances soil structural stability through its positive effects on soil moisture and organic matter. Less soil disturbance, which is the characteristic of conservation tillage, has positive effects on soil properties and soil processes, which interact in a complex way, and they all together contribute to enhancing soil quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating the Organic Agricultural Products Supply Chain in Iran
سروش قاضی نوری لعیا الفت حهانیار بامداد صوفی ؤضوان احدیThe present study aimed to investigate the organic agricultural products supply chain in Iran and provide a processes maturity framework for this chain based on the Iranian Standard of the organic products. Accordingly, the model proposed in this research, has provided MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the organic agricultural products supply chain in Iran and provide a processes maturity framework for this chain based on the Iranian Standard of the organic products. Accordingly, the model proposed in this research, has provided an improvement tool that addresses the integration of company's internal processes at low levels, and the integration of the processes with external partners at higher levels of maturity given the maturity levels definition. This model is designed based on the main components of maturity models, i.e. maturity levels with a five-level structure and the relevant questionnaire (confirmed by CVI index). Based on the results of the implementation of the proposed maturity model in two case studies, it was found that the two processes of customer service management and customer relationship management need the most attention and improvement, which is consistent with theoretical findings. In Company A, lack of direct communication or online communication platform to communicate with customers are among the weaknesses and good quality of products is among the strengths, and in Company B, lack of procedure for collecting and documenting information is among the weaknesses and close relationships with key partners is among the strengths, identified based on the evaluation by the proposed maturity model. Finally, improvement strategies were presented for each of these processes using the ANP method, which can be used as a roadmap by managers and practitioners in this field. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Market-Oriented or Not: A Gender Situation Analyses of Small Holder Sweet potato Farmers in South East Nigeria
آمالا کریستیانا اوکویه جوده آنایوخوف مباناسور بنجامین چخومکا اوکویهFarmers can only be market oriented if his/her production plan follows market signals and produce commodities that is more marketable. In other to achieve it, this study provided empirical evidence on the gender analyses of market orientation in South-East, Nigeria. A s MoreFarmers can only be market oriented if his/her production plan follows market signals and produce commodities that is more marketable. In other to achieve it, this study provided empirical evidence on the gender analyses of market orientation in South-East, Nigeria. A stratified sampling design was used to select 360 sample respondents in 2017. Market Orientation Index (MOI) and Heckit selectivity model were used to estimate the level of market orientation and determinants of market orientation respectively. The results show a mean market orientation score (0.17 and 0.59) for the male and female sweet potato farmers respectively, indicating low level of market orientation especially for the male farmers. The coefficients for age, educational level, capital, area cultivated with sweet potato, farming experience, marketing experience, native of community, and road conditions were positive and household size negative and significantly related to market orientation for female farmers. Coefficients for age, household size, level of education, transportation cost, native of community, and marketing experience were positive and distance from farm to the market was negative and significantly related with market orientation for the male farmers. The coefficients for gender were negative and significant at 5% and 1% for probability of being market oriented and level of market orientation respectively, indicating that the female farmers were more likely to be market oriented compared to their male counterparts. The study therefore calls for policies on promoting farmers access to land (particularly the female farmers), availability and the use of quality planting seed and establishment of formal sweet potato market. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Effects of Changing Agricultural Subsidies on Production and Exports in Iran
حسین بدیع برزین محمد نوروزیان سید مهدی حسینی امیر تقویSubsidy is a tool used by governments as a form of financial aid to support specific economic sectors. Today subsidy is common in several countries such as Iran due to different political and economic reasons. This study has examined the effects of changing agricultural MoreSubsidy is a tool used by governments as a form of financial aid to support specific economic sectors. Today subsidy is common in several countries such as Iran due to different political and economic reasons. This study has examined the effects of changing agricultural subsidies on, production and exports. For this purpose, a computable general equilibrium model (CGE) for the year 2012 was used in social accounting matrix form in 2001 as the statistical basis. For the extraction and transportation of nonlinear programming model "mixed complementary problem" (MCP) was used. Social Accounting Matrix was divided into main sectors: agriculture, oil and gas, textiles, energy, industry and services. Then, the effect of agricultural subsidies and its effect on endogenous variables were investigated. Results showed that reducing agricultural subsidies, decreases the level of agricultural production by 21.3 percent and increases prices which in turn causes deviation of real exchange rate from equilibrium that prevents the exports in this sector. Moreover, by reducing subsidies the unemployment rate increases and welfare decreases. Manuscript profile
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