رهیافتی پدیدارشناسانه به آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش و پرورش: فرصت‌ها، چالش‌ها و راهکارها
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش مجازیکامیار عظیمی 1 , یاسر گراوند 2 , حسن جعفری 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 - دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 - دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان
کلید واژه: چالش‌ها, آموزش و پرورش, آموزش مجازی, فرصت‌ها,
چکیده مقاله :
آموزش مجازی اشاره به رویکردی برای آموزش و یادگیری دارد که از فنّاوری‌های اطلاعات و ارتباطات جهت برقراری ارتباط و همکاری در یک محیط آموزشی استفاده می‌کند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های آموزش مجازی انجام شد. طرح پژوهش کیفی و از نوع رویکرد پدیدارشناسی بود. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل 18 نفر از معلمان، مدیران و کارشناسان فنّاوری مشغول به کار در آموزش و پرورش استان لرستان بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند در سال تحصیلی 1400-1399 انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته گردآوری و با استفاده از روش کلایزی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. صحت و دقت داده‌ها از طریق روش‌های همسوسازی، بازبینی توسط همکاران و اعتباریابی پاسخ‌دهنده به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که 10 مضمون اصلی و 26 مضمون فرعی شناسایی شدند. افزایش اثربخشی و کیفیت آموزش، انعطاف‌پذیری و گسترش فرصت‌های آموزش، بهبود تعامل و برقراری ارتباط و صرفه‌جویی اقتصادی به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین فرصت‌های آموزش مجازی طبقه‌بندی شدند. همچنین، کلیدی‌ترین مضمون‌های چالش‌های آموزش مجازی، دربرگیرنده مسائل مربوط به دانش‌آموزان، معلمان، ارائه محتوا و کیفیت آموزش، فرهنگ، زیرساخت و فنّاوری و تعامل اجتماعی بودند. به‌طور کلی، این مطالعه امکان درک عمیق فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های آموزش مجازی در نظام آموزش و پرورش ایران را فراهم می‌کند.
Virtual education refers to an approach to teaching and learning that uses information and communication technologies to communicate and collaborate in an educational environment. The aim of this study was to identify the opportunities and challenges of virtual education. The research design was qualitative and of the phenomenological approach. The participants included 18 teachers, principals and technology experts working in education in Lorestan province who were selected by purposeful sampling method in the academic year 2020-2021. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi''''s method. The accuracy of the data was obtained through the methods of triangulation, peer review and respondent validation. The results showed that 10 main themes and 26 sub-themes were identified. Increasing effectiveness and quality of education, flexibility and expansion of education opportunities, improving interaction and communication, and economic savings were classified as the most important virtual education opportunities. In addition, the key themes of virtual education challenges included issues related to students, teachers, content delivery and quality of education, culture, infrastructure and technology, and social interaction. In general, this study provides a deep understanding of the opportunities and challenges of virtual education in the Iranian education system.
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