تبیین رابطه کیفیت فضای باز مسکن و میزان اضطراب کودکان بر مبنای نظریه رشد اریکسون (مطالعه موردی : مجتمع های مسکونی در تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
فاطمه مرتضایی منش
1
(دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، قزوین، ایران.)
کمال رهبری منش
2
(استادیار گروه معماری دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، قزوین، ایران.)
مصطفی کیانی
3
(دانشیار گروه معماری دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: روا نشناسی محیط, مجتمع مسکونی, فضای باز مسکن, بازی کودک, اضطراب کودک,
چکیده مقاله :
نظریه رشد اریکسون بیانگر اهمیت محیط زندگی و نقش بازی در دوران رشد کودک م یباشد. این درصورتی است کهفضاهای مسکونی امروز ما توانایی پاسخگویی به نیازهای طبیعی کودکانمان را ندارند. این پژوهش که با هدف تدارکمحی طها و فضاهای مسکونی کارآمدتر و سالم تر و به تبع آن رضایتمندی ساکنان از مجموع ههای زیستی انجامشده، به بررسیاثر ویژگ یهای فضایباز مجموع ههای مسکونی به عنوان یکی از عوامل محیطی، بر روی چگونگی رشد کودک م یپردازد. باتوجه به رویکرد بینرشته ای تحقیق، زمینه روان شناسیمحیطی برای تبیین فرضیه و آزمون آن مناسب تشخیص داده شد. اینپژوهش در پی پاسخ به این پرسش است که؛ آیا مجتم عهای مسکونی آپارتمانی می توانند فضای مناسبی برای رشد کودکانفراهم کنند؟ روش تحقیق به کار گرفته شده توصیفی از نوع علی مقایس های می باشد. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل واریانس یک راههو ضریب همبستگی پیرسون نشان م یدهد که بین اضطراب کودکان و رضایت از فضای باز مجتم عهای مسکونی به لحاظآماری رابطه معنادار وجود ندارد.
Today, the meaning of housing or dwelling generally applied for a place that can response the most diminished human entity facts and his needs. In fact, house means a place that we reside in it to achieve calmness and this is the meaning of home as well. The residential space should be capable to provide necessary conditions for personal growth of each individuals both for children and adults. Erickson's growth theory shows the important role of playing and living environment during the child's growth. Whereas, our today residential places are not capable to accept and response our children's natural needs and requirements. This study which is conducted with the purpose of more qualified and healthy environments and residential places and also the satisfaction of residents from living environments, examines the outdoors characteristics of residential complexes as one of the environmental factors on the growth of children. According to inter-field approach of this study, the environmental psychology is distinguished to be suitable for explaining and testing the hypothesis. This study is going to answer this question: can the residential complexes provide a suitable environment for child's growth? Also, based on this question, the following hypothesis conducted: there is a relationship between outdoor residential complex and child's anxiety. In this direction, the criterions for a suitable house and detecting the children's characteristics as the main important group of residents were examined from the viewpoint of experts and authorities and the mentioned factors examined in "Apadana", "Ekbatan" and "Shahid Fakouri" complexes in order to recognize the effective principles in promoting the quality of these complexes. The research methodology used in this study is a comparative descriptive method that in order to describing the criterions, library resources were used and for data analysis the measuring studies were used through questionnaires and field observations.The statistical population in this study is included children with the age range of 8-11 years that they live in apartment residential complexes in 5th area in Tehran. The sampling method of this study is the categorical sampling. The method of data collection in the present study is library studies and field studies. The instruments used for data collection are researcher-made questionnaire, Spence anxiety test for children and observations. It should be noted that, the scores obtained from questionnaires statistically analyzed through using SPSS software.The results of one-way ANOVA show that the type of residential complexes has some effects on the amount of children's anxiety and the satisfaction from outdoor space is the same in all three under-studied complexes. The results on one-way ANOVA and Pearson Correlation Coefficient show that there is not any statistically significant relationship between anxiety and the satisfaction of outdoor residential complexes.Finally, the relationship between the quality and amount of children's playing in outdoor space and their anxiety will be rejected. So, the results show that children's anxiety has more psychological aspect and the social level of family is more effective on it and formal factors do not interfere in this context so much.... Keywords: Environmental Psychology, Residential Complex, Residential Outdoor, Children’s Fun and Games Opportunities, Child's Anxiety.
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