ارزیابی میزان توجه به جایگاه توسعه پایدار محله محور در طرح های توسعه شهری
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
راما قلمبر دزفولی
1
(استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد پردیس، پردیس، ایران.)
کلید واژه: Identity, محله, Public Participation, مشارکت, هویت, محله پایدار, Neighborhood, طرح ساختاری راهبردی, برنامه ریزی محلات, sustainable community, strategic/structural plan, community planning,
چکیده مقاله :
مدت زمان مدیدی نیست که واژگانی چون محله محوری ، توسعه پایدار و محلات پایداردر شهرسازی معاصر مطرح و به سرعت توانسته است جایگاه خاصی را برای خود و حامیان آن، چه در محافل تخصصی اکادمیک و چه در حوزه مدیریت شهری پیدا نماید. در همین راستا یکی از مسائل مهم در خصوص موضوعات مذکور چگونگی به کارگیری این مباحث در یک ساختار صحیح و کارامد از حیطه تئوری به عمل و اجرا است. این مقاله در صدد است که دو هدف را دنبال نماید. ابتدا با بررسی اجمالی مفهوم پایداری محله ای و همچنین تجارب جهانی در این خصوص به معرفی اهمیت و جایگاه توسعه پایدار محله ای در طرح های توسعه شهری بپردازد و در هدف دوم با توجه به استحصالات هدف نخست، به ارزیابی طرح راهبردی-ساختاری شهرتهران در خصوص میزان توجه به بحث توسعه پایدار محله ای به عنوان یک سند طرح توسعه شهری پرداخته شود.
Sustainability has been a ‘buzz’ word for the last three decades in the environmental and planning literature, conveying a multitude of meanings, that are often divergent, to a variety of individuals, professions, interest groups, governmental agencies and political leaders, NGOs and grassroots organizations. As the broad concept of sustainability has evolved, one of its derivatives is sustainable neighbourhoods. Sustainable neighbourhood is a systematic concept, inter-relating the social, environmental, economic, and governance aspects. In urban literatures, many reasons describe as community planning scale importance such as community as a cultural infrastructure and social capital. Also this scale of planning is the one most important subject in environmental psychology. But how to apply these concepts from theory to practice, in a correct and efficient way, remains to be the essential question. In recent decades, spatial planning and master plans seem to develop to maintain neighbourhood importance in planning and directing local development in this way into the new century. What mentioned above is sensible in urban plans statements of developed countries such as political leadership in strategic planning to provide a context for effective development; or integration between regional, urban and neighbourhood planning, and between strategic planning, development control and master planning. Currently, we have also a new paradigm in urban development plan for Tehran as the biggest city and capital of Iran. This plan has entitled as Tehran strategic/structural plan. But government and urban management in Tehran may confess to inefficiency of that plan in future if they don’t consider to the issues such as neighbourhood planning, local context and public participation. On the other hand, despite numerous efforts by experts and governments, in Iran we face with much inefficient urban plans, due to lack of consideration for people needs and the role of different interest groups. In this article objectives are threefold: The first is defining sustainable community and its characteristics for opening view to major subject of paper; the second is trying to define the role and importance of sustainable neighbourhoody planning in hierarchy of urban development plans based on literature produced at the international level and new paradigm of spatial planning. Thirdly with regard to the role of sustainable neighbourhoody planning play in the future try to evaluate Tehran strategic/structural plan from point of view of its role to set sustainable neighbourhood planning in its structure as a part of urban development plan. The paper concludes that governments must set and define appropriate role for neighbourhood planning in hierarchy of urban development plans. This is resulted from neighbourhood planning efficiency to improve qualitative parameters such as public participation, sense of place and identity. These parameters play important role in achieving sustainability of place and can be better sense in neighbourhood scale. Finally, in case of consideration of neighbourhood planning in a critical aspect about Tehran strategic/structural plan, features of this plan compare with new paradigm of urban development plans in the world,. This comparison shows that there is not enough consideration for neighbourhood planning in Tehran strategic/structural plan.
Studies
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