بررسی آلودگی های محیطی ایجاد شده با آفت کش های ارگانوفسفره توسط زیست حس گر طراحی شده با آنزیم استیل کولین استراز
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستعلی شمس آذر 1 , فاطمه شمس آذر 2 , اسداله اسدی 3
1 - کارشناس ارشد بیوشیمی، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران شرق، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - کارشناس ارشد شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اردبیل، اردبیل، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران.
کلید واژه: آفت کش, زیست حس گر, استیل کولین استراز, پاراکسون,
چکیده مقاله :
آفت کش ها مواد شیمیایی هستند که به منظور کنترل حشرات، قارچ ها، علف های هرز و سایر آفت ها استفاده می شوند. پسماند آفت کش ها ممکن است ازطریق هوا، آب و خاک وارد زنجیره ی غذایی شده و باعث مشکلات بهداشتی برای اکوسیستم، پرندگان، حیوانات و انسان شود. روش های متداول شناسایی آفت کش شامل کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارایی بالا (HPLC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) می باشند. ولی این روش ها وقت گیر و نیازمند به تکنسین برای کنترل مداوم است، بنابراین استفاده از زیست حس گرها می تواند در این زمینه مفید باشد. زیست حس گرآنزیمی استیل کولین استراز برای شناسایی آفت کش های ارگانوفسفره ( مورد مطالعه: پاراکسون) استفاده گردید. شناسایی کمی آفت کش ها بر پایه مهار آنزیم استیل کولین استراز و کاهش فعالیت آن در مواجهه با آفت کش مورد نظر می باشد. پارامترهایی مانند pH، غلظت آفت کش و پایداری زیست حس گر نیز مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. زیست حس گر طراحی شده حساسیت بالایی را نسبت به پاراکسون از خود نشان داد. تحت شرایط بهینه مهار استیل کولین استراز توسط پاراکسون با افزایش غلظت این ترکیب در دامنه 4-10 تا 7-10 میلی مولار رابطه خطی داشت. همچنین زیست حس گر تهیه شده پایداری بسیار خوبی را از خود نشان داد. زیست حس گر آنزیمی استیل کولین استراز می تواند با حد تشخیص 2.14 × 10-7 mM به عنوان شناساگری حساس در جهت شناسایی سریع سموم آفت کش در محیط های آلوده ی آبی و خاکی در بخش های صنعت و کشاورزی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Pesticides are chemical substances that use to control insects, fungis, weeds and other pests. Residuals of pesticides maybe enter to food chain through air, water and soil and cause health problems for ecosystems, birds, animals and humans. Common methods to detect pesticides including, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC). But these methods are time consuming and require a technician to control, so use of biosensor can be useful in this field. An acetylcholinesterase biosensor was used to detection of organophosphate pesticides (case study: Paraoxon). Qualitative identification of pesticides based on inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme and reduce activity of it in the face of pesticides. Also Other parameters were investigated such as pH, concentration of pesticides and sustainability of biosensor also. The designed biosensor showed high sensitivity to paraoxon concentration. Under optimal condition, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by paraoxon had a linear relation with increasing concentrations of the paraoxon in the range of 10-7 to 10-4 mM. Also prepared sensor showed good stability. The designed acetylcholinesterase enzymatic biosensor with 2.14 × 10-7 mM identification limit can be use as a sensitive and accurate detector in order to rapid identification pesticides in contaminated environment such as soil and water, in industry and agriculture sectors.
- Pohanka, M., 2016. Electrochemical Biosensors based on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. A Review. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, Vol. 11, pp.7440-7452.
- Stojanović, Z., Đurović, A., Kravić, S., Grahovac, N., Suturović, Z., Bursić, V., Vuković, G. and Brezo, T., 2016. A simple and rapid electrochemical sensing method for metribuzin determination in tap and river water samples. Analytical Methods, Vol. 8(12), pp.2698-2705.
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- Leniart, A., Brycht, M., Burnat, B. and Skrzypek, S., 2016. Voltammetric determination of the herbicide propham on glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.231, pp.54-63.
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- Musilek, K., Dolezal, M., Gunn‐Moore, F. and Kuca, K., 2011. Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides. Medicinal research reviews, Vol.31(4), pp.548-575.
- Arduini, F., Guidone, S., Amine, A., Palleschi, G. and Moscone, D., 2013. Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on self-assembled monolayer-modified gold-screen printed electrodes for organophosphorus insecticide detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.179, pp.201-208.
- Shamsazar A., Asadi, A. and Shamsazar, F., 2015. Determination of Serum Glucose Samples Using Biosensor Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Vol.15(3), pp.330-338.
- Andreescu, S., Magearu, V., Lougarre, A., Fournier, D. and Marty, J.L., 2001. Immobilization of enzymes on screen-printed sensors via an histidine tail. Application to the detection of pesticides using modified cholinesterase. Analytical letters, Vol.34(4), pp.529-540.
- Joshi, K.A., Tang, J., Haddon, R., Wang, J., Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A., 2005. A disposable biosensor for organophosphorus nerve agents based on carbon nanotubes modified thick film strip electrode. Electroanalysis, Vol.17(1), pp.54-58.
- Kong, Y.T., Boopathi, M. and Shim, Y.B., 2003. Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase bonded on a conducting polymer modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol.19(3), pp.227-232.
- Wang, J., Jiang, J.Z., Chen, W. and Bai, Z.W., 2016. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan alkyl urea. Carbohydrate polymers, Vol.145, pp.78-85.
- dos Santos Silva, F.D.A., da Silva, M.G.A., Lima, P.R., Meneghetti, M.R., Kubota, L.T. and Goulart, M.O.F., 2013. A very low potential electrochemical detection of L-cysteine based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/gold nanorods. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol.50, pp.202-209.
- Liu, Q., Fei, A., Huan, J., Mao, H. and Wang, K., 2015. Effective amperometric biosensor for carbaryl detection based on covalent immobilization acetylcholinesterase on multiwall carbon nanotubes /graphene oxide nanoribbons nanostructure. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol.740, pp.8-13.
13. Dekanski, A., Stevanović, J., Stevanović, R., Nikolić, B.Ž. and Jovanović, V.M., 2001. Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation. Carbon, Vol.39(8), pp.1195-1205.
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- Pohanka, M., 2016. Electrochemical Biosensors based on Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase. A Review. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci, Vol. 11, pp.7440-7452.
- Stojanović, Z., Đurović, A., Kravić, S., Grahovac, N., Suturović, Z., Bursić, V., Vuković, G. and Brezo, T., 2016. A simple and rapid electrochemical sensing method for metribuzin determination in tap and river water samples. Analytical Methods, Vol. 8(12), pp.2698-2705.
- Liu, S., Yuan, L., Yue, X., Zheng, Z. and Tang, Z., 2008. Recent advances in nanosensors for organophosphate pesticide detection. Advanced Powder Technology, Vol.19(5), pp.419-441.
- Leniart, A., Brycht, M., Burnat, B. and Skrzypek, S., 2016. Voltammetric determination of the herbicide propham on glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.231, pp.54-63.
- Sassolas, A., Prieto-Simón, B. and Marty, J.L., 2012. Biosensors for pesticide detection: new trends. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 3(3), p.210.
- Kim, B.S., Kim, G.W., Heo, N.S., Kim, M.S., Yang, K.S., Lee, S.Y. and Park, T.J., 2015. Development of a portable biosensor system for pesticide detection on a metal chip surface integrated with wireless communication. Food Science and Biotechnology, Vol.24(2), pp.743-750.
- Musilek, K., Dolezal, M., Gunn‐Moore, F. and Kuca, K., 2011. Design, evaluation and structure—Activity relationship studies of the AChE reactivators against organophosphorus pesticides. Medicinal research reviews, Vol.31(4), pp.548-575.
- Arduini, F., Guidone, S., Amine, A., Palleschi, G. and Moscone, D., 2013. Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on self-assembled monolayer-modified gold-screen printed electrodes for organophosphorus insecticide detection. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol.179, pp.201-208.
- Shamsazar A., Asadi, A. and Shamsazar, F., 2015. Determination of Serum Glucose Samples Using Biosensor Based on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles.Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Vol.15(3), pp.330-338.
- Andreescu, S., Magearu, V., Lougarre, A., Fournier, D. and Marty, J.L., 2001. Immobilization of enzymes on screen-printed sensors via an histidine tail. Application to the detection of pesticides using modified cholinesterase. Analytical letters, Vol.34(4), pp.529-540.
- Joshi, K.A., Tang, J., Haddon, R., Wang, J., Chen, W. and Mulchandani, A., 2005. A disposable biosensor for organophosphorus nerve agents based on carbon nanotubes modified thick film strip electrode. Electroanalysis, Vol.17(1), pp.54-58.
- Kong, Y.T., Boopathi, M. and Shim, Y.B., 2003. Direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase bonded on a conducting polymer modified glassy carbon electrode. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol.19(3), pp.227-232.
- Wang, J., Jiang, J.Z., Chen, W. and Bai, Z.W., 2016. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan alkyl urea. Carbohydrate polymers, Vol.145, pp.78-85.
- dos Santos Silva, F.D.A., da Silva, M.G.A., Lima, P.R., Meneghetti, M.R., Kubota, L.T. and Goulart, M.O.F., 2013. A very low potential electrochemical detection of L-cysteine based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes/gold nanorods. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol.50, pp.202-209.
- Liu, Q., Fei, A., Huan, J., Mao, H. and Wang, K., 2015. Effective amperometric biosensor for carbaryl detection based on covalent immobilization acetylcholinesterase on multiwall carbon nanotubes /graphene oxide nanoribbons nanostructure. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol.740, pp.8-13.
13. Dekanski, A., Stevanović, J., Stevanović, R., Nikolić, B.Ž. and Jovanović, V.M., 2001. Glassy carbon electrodes: I. Characterization and electrochemical activation. Carbon, Vol.39(8), pp.1195-1205.