مروری بر شاخص‌های زیستیِ محیط‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستجابر اعظمی 1 , حبیب مرادپور 2 , ناصر کیانی مهر 3
1 - استادیار گروه علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، رشته علوم محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
کلید واژه: فلزات سنگین, آلودگی محیط‌زیست, شاخص زیستی,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی اکوسیستم های مختلف به فلزات سنگین یکی از مهم‌ترین مسایل محیط زیست است که زندگی گیاهان، جانواران و مخصوصاً انسان را تهدید می‌کند. امروزه در دنیا جهت اصلاح محیط‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین از روش های زیستی استفاده می کنند در حالی که هنوز در کشور ایران روش‌های شیمیایی و فیزیکی بکار گرفته می شود. روش‌های اصلاح فیزیکی و شیمیایی محیط‌ها را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند، تنوع‌زیستی و کیفیت محیط را از بین می برند و این روش‌ها عمدتاً پرهزینه، وقت گیر، مسبب آلودگی محیط زیست، نیاز به امکانات و تجهیزات گران، نیازمند متخصص جهت سنجش و ... هستند. از این رو، طی سال‌های اخیر پژوهشگران درصدد طراحی و توسعه‌ی روش‌های زیستی برآمدند که بتوانند محیط‌های آلوده به فلزات سنگین را با دقت بیش تر، کم هزینه تر، سازگارتر با محیط و با حداقل امکانات پاک سازی، تعدیل و پایش نمایند. هدف از این تحقیق مروری بر شاخص های زیستی، انتقال مفهوم شاخص‌های زیستی و چگونگی انتخاب اصلاح‌گر زیستی خاک‌های آلوده، می باشد. برای مثال گیاه پالایی هنوز در مرحله‌ی تحقیق و توسعه می‌باشد و دارای مباحث فنی زیادی است که نیاز به توجه و ارزیابی دارند.
The life of fauna and flora was threatened by heavy metals, one of the most problems in the environment. Nowdays, in the world biotic indices were applied to reduce and modify of different pollutants while in Iran, purification of polluted environment was done with physic-chemical methods. Physic-chemical methods annihilate the biodiversity, pollute the environment and also need to lots of time, cost, equipment and expertise. So, the developed countries presented biotic methods for identification, monitoring, survey and purification because of many advantages including; more precision, less cost, environmental friendly and less equipment. The aims of this article were a review of bio-indices and choose manner of polluted biological modifier e.g. phytoremediation that todays, it is developing.
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