ردیابی آفت کش دیازینون در آب و خاک شالیزارهای استان مازندران با استفاده از Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
شینا انصاری همدانی
1
,
رضا ارجمندی
2
,
سعید متصدی زرندی
3
,
محمدعلی باغستانی
4
,
رضا عزیزی نژاد
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - هیئت علمی گروه مدیریت محیط زیست دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 - هیئت علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی.
4 - هیئت علمی سازمان حفظ نباتات کشور.
5 - هیئت علمی دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/04/09
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/06/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/01/01
کلید واژه:
آلودگی محیط زیست,
دیازینون,
مزارع برنج,
سموم ارگانوفسفره,
آفت کش ها,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: مصرف گسترده آفت کش دیازینون به عنوان یکی از آفت کش های شاخص ارگانوفسفره، برای کنترل کرم ساقه خوار برنج، مشکلات عدیده محیط زیستی در استانهای شمالی کشور در پی دارد. این تحقیق با هدف تعیین غلظت آفت کش دیازینون، وضعیت بالفعل شالیزارهای استان مازندران را از منظر آلودگی آب و خاک بررسی می کند.
روش بررسی: در مجموع 50 نمونه آب و خاک برای کشت اول و 30 نمونه آب و خاک در کشت دوم نمونه برداری گردید و پس از انتقال به آزمایشگاه توسط دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفت. نمونه برداری در سه فصل بهار، تابستان و اوایل پاییز (برای کشت دوم برنج) انجام شد.
یافته ها: بیشترین غلظت دیازینون در نمونه های آب کشت اول در ساری45/0 و آمل46/0 میلی گرم در لیتر و در کشت دوم،53/2 میلی گرم در لیتر در محمودآباد و سرخرود 36/2 میلی گرم در لیتر و در نمونه های خاک سیاهکلا 147 و بابل 80 نانوگرم بوده که بنظر می رسد بخش های واجد غلظت بالاتر در بخشهای مرکزی و شمالی استان متمرکز هستند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصله بیانگر آن است که در طی دوره کشت برنج بالاخص کشت دوم با توجه به افت دما در پاییز و بارندگی،مردم منطقه در معرض غلظت بیشتری از این آفت کش قرار دارند که ضرورت توجه بیش از پیش به اعمال روش های مدیریت تلفیقی آفات بمنظور کاهش مصرف آفت کش های ارگانوفسفره بویژه جایگزینی دیازینون را اجتناب ناپذیر می سازد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Today, women are present in society like men. But they do not have enough power to choose their desired territory and as vulnerable groups, their value and position in urban spaces are ignored and they do not have a favorable environmental territory to use and enjoy urban spaces. This research seeks to introduce the components that affect the creation of a desirable territory for women.
Material and Methodology: The research method is phenomenological and has an explanatory-inferential approach. The type of study is qualitative and the studies have been done in both field and library methods and semi-in-depth interviews have been used. The sampling method is purposeful and we do not have a fixed sample size and sampling of people with different views after starting with the minimum number, continued until it reached theoretical saturation. Accordingly, the total number of interviewees in the three parks of Ail Goli, Valiasr Park and Shams Women's Park in Tabriz was 18 people.
Findings: Based on women's statements, general phenomena were identified and extracted and their relationship was determined. Finally, the most important indicators that cover the most components in their subset were extracted, which include 9 indicators of quality, interaction, vitality, security, privacy, determinism, mind-psyche, sense of belonging, choice.
Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, according to the research findings, eliminating the deficiencies needed by women in urban parks in terms of extracted components, will be of great help in improving the desirability of the environmental territory of this particular group.
منابع و مأخذ:
Soltaninejad, K. and M. Abdollahi, Current Opinion on the Science of Organophosphate Pesticides and Toxic Stress: A Systematic Review, 2009.15(3): P. RA90
Aghilinejad M, Mohammadi S, Farshad AA. The effect of pesticides on farmers’ health. Research in Medicine. 2007; 31(4) 327-31. (In Persian)
Fushiwaki, Y. Hamamura.T. Hasegava. A. and Urano. K. 1991. Environment Pollution by Pesticide from Golf Courses in Kanagawa Prefecture. Japan J Toxicol Environ Hlth. Vol. 39. 6 pp.
Charles, G., Graw, F. (1995). Occurrence of pesticide in white river, Indiana.V.S.Department of the international. 1-3.
Protocol for monitoring Acute and chronic Toxicity in the San Joaquin river watershed, winter. (1997-98). California Environmental protection agency department of pesticide regulation
Bouman, B. A. Castaneda. M. and Bhuiyan. A.R. 2002. Nitrate and Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater under Rice-based Cropping System: past and current evidence from the Philippines, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. Vol. 92.
Ara AG, Haque W, Hasanuzzaman M (2014) Detection of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides residues in water samples of Taragong Thana in Rangpur district in Bangladesh. Res J Environ Earth Sci 6(2):85–89.
Regulatory History and Past Assessments for Diazinon, US EPA,2012, Appendix1
Fadaei, A.; Dehghani, M.H.; Nasseri, S.; Mahvi, A.H.; Rastkari, N.; Shayeghi, M. Organophosphorous pesticides in surface water of Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2012, 88, 867–869.
Karyab, H.; Mahvi, A.H.; Nazmara, S.; Bahojb, A. Determination of water sources contamination to diazinon and malathion and spatial pollution patterns in Qazvin, Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2013, 90, 126–131.
Ahmadi-Mamaqani Yosefali , Nematollah Khorasani, Khalil Talebi, Seyed Hosein Hashemi, Gholamreza Rafiee, Fatemeh Bahadori-Khosroshahi, Diazinon Fate and Toxicity in the Tajan River (iran) Ecosystem, Environmental Engineering ScienceVol. 28, No. 12, 2011
Bahrami Far Nader, Hamid Reza Moradi, Mohsen Ahmadpour the Role of Agricultural and Residential Land-uses on Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediments of Siahrud River, Qaemshahr 8 Kamyar Taheri, Journal of Environmental Studies Scientific Report Series of the Environment Vol. 41 No. 1 (73) June., 2015
Arjmandi.R, M. Tavakol ,M. Shayeghi. Determination of organophosphorus insecticide residues in the rice paddies, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology volume 7, pages175–182(2010)
Khazaei S.H., Khorasani.N, Talebi KH., Ehteshami M. Investigation of the Groundwater Contamination due to the use of Diazinon Insecticide in Mazandaran Province(Mahmood Abad city), Journal of Natural Environment ( Iranian Journal of Natural Resources ) SPRING2010 , Volume 63 , Number 1; Page(s) 23 To 32.
You, J., Weston, D. P., Lydy, M. J. 2004. A Sonication Extraction Method for the Analysis of Pyrethroid, Organophosphate, and Organochlorine Pesticides from Sediment by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol 47: 141–147.
Abdollahzadeh, G, Sharifzadeh, M S & Damalas, C A 2015, Perceptions of the beneficial and harmful effects of pesticides among Iranian rice farmers influence the adoption of biological control. Crop Protection, 75: 124- 131.
Abbasian, H.; Azim, A.; Shamilla, H.; Hamid, G.M. Residues of diazinon in Ab-bandans supplied by Babolroud, Talar and Siaroud Rivers, Iran. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 2014, 6, 153–158
Ghassempour, A.; Mohammadkhah, A.; Najafi, F.; Rajabzadeh, M. Monitoring of the pesticide diazinon in soil, stem and surface water of rice fields. Anal. Sci. 2002, 18, 779–783.
Tavokoli, M. 2007. Environmental Impact Assessment of diazinon in rice fields (a case study on Amol Township rice fields). M.Sc. Thesis, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Shokrzadeh M; Karami, M; Ebrahimi Ghadi, MA.2013. Measuring Organophosphorus Insecticide Residue in Rice Produced in Amol, North of Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (JMUMS). p214-221.
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Soltaninejad, K. and M. Abdollahi, Current Opinion on the Science of Organophosphate Pesticides and Toxic Stress: A Systematic Review, 2009.15(3): P. RA90
Aghilinejad M, Mohammadi S, Farshad AA. The effect of pesticides on farmers’ health. Research in Medicine. 2007; 31(4) 327-31. (In Persian)
Fushiwaki, Y. Hamamura.T. Hasegava. A. and Urano. K. 1991. Environment Pollution by Pesticide from Golf Courses in Kanagawa Prefecture. Japan J Toxicol Environ Hlth. Vol. 39. 6 pp.
Charles, G., Graw, F. (1995). Occurrence of pesticide in white river, Indiana.V.S.Department of the international. 1-3.
Protocol for monitoring Acute and chronic Toxicity in the San Joaquin river watershed, winter. (1997-98). California Environmental protection agency department of pesticide regulation
Bouman, B. A. Castaneda. M. and Bhuiyan. A.R. 2002. Nitrate and Pesticide Contamination of Groundwater under Rice-based Cropping System: past and current evidence from the Philippines, Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment. Vol. 92.
Ara AG, Haque W, Hasanuzzaman M (2014) Detection of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides residues in water samples of Taragong Thana in Rangpur district in Bangladesh. Res J Environ Earth Sci 6(2):85–89.
Regulatory History and Past Assessments for Diazinon, US EPA,2012, Appendix1
Fadaei, A.; Dehghani, M.H.; Nasseri, S.; Mahvi, A.H.; Rastkari, N.; Shayeghi, M. Organophosphorous pesticides in surface water of Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2012, 88, 867–869.
Karyab, H.; Mahvi, A.H.; Nazmara, S.; Bahojb, A. Determination of water sources contamination to diazinon and malathion and spatial pollution patterns in Qazvin, Iran. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2013, 90, 126–131.
Ahmadi-Mamaqani Yosefali , Nematollah Khorasani, Khalil Talebi, Seyed Hosein Hashemi, Gholamreza Rafiee, Fatemeh Bahadori-Khosroshahi, Diazinon Fate and Toxicity in the Tajan River (iran) Ecosystem, Environmental Engineering ScienceVol. 28, No. 12, 2011
Bahrami Far Nader, Hamid Reza Moradi, Mohsen Ahmadpour the Role of Agricultural and Residential Land-uses on Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Water and Sediments of Siahrud River, Qaemshahr 8 Kamyar Taheri, Journal of Environmental Studies Scientific Report Series of the Environment Vol. 41 No. 1 (73) June., 2015
Arjmandi.R, M. Tavakol ,M. Shayeghi. Determination of organophosphorus insecticide residues in the rice paddies, International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology volume 7, pages175–182(2010)
Khazaei S.H., Khorasani.N, Talebi KH., Ehteshami M. Investigation of the Groundwater Contamination due to the use of Diazinon Insecticide in Mazandaran Province(Mahmood Abad city), Journal of Natural Environment ( Iranian Journal of Natural Resources ) SPRING2010 , Volume 63 , Number 1; Page(s) 23 To 32.
You, J., Weston, D. P., Lydy, M. J. 2004. A Sonication Extraction Method for the Analysis of Pyrethroid, Organophosphate, and Organochlorine Pesticides from Sediment by Gas Chromatography with Electron-Capture Detection. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., Vol 47: 141–147.
Abdollahzadeh, G, Sharifzadeh, M S & Damalas, C A 2015, Perceptions of the beneficial and harmful effects of pesticides among Iranian rice farmers influence the adoption of biological control. Crop Protection, 75: 124- 131.
Abbasian, H.; Azim, A.; Shamilla, H.; Hamid, G.M. Residues of diazinon in Ab-bandans supplied by Babolroud, Talar and Siaroud Rivers, Iran. J. Ecol. Nat. Environ. 2014, 6, 153–158
Ghassempour, A.; Mohammadkhah, A.; Najafi, F.; Rajabzadeh, M. Monitoring of the pesticide diazinon in soil, stem and surface water of rice fields. Anal. Sci. 2002, 18, 779–783.
Tavokoli, M. 2007. Environmental Impact Assessment of diazinon in rice fields (a case study on Amol Township rice fields). M.Sc. Thesis, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Shokrzadeh M; Karami, M; Ebrahimi Ghadi, MA.2013. Measuring Organophosphorus Insecticide Residue in Rice Produced in Amol, North of Iran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (JMUMS). p214-221.