مروری بر بیماری های انسانی مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی و نقش عوامل هیدروژئولوژیک در تقابل با آن ها
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست
نجات زیدعلی نژاد
1
(کارشناس منابع آب شرکت آب منطقه‌ای لرستان، لرستان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
زهره رامک
2
(کارشناس منابع آب شرکت آب منطقه‌ای لرستان، لرستان، ایران.)
کلید واژه: آلاینده, هیدروژئولوژی, عوامل بیماری‌زا, آبخوان, آب‌های زیرزمینی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: علی رغم اینکه آب های سطحی نسبت به آب های زیرزمینی بیش تر در معرض آلودگی و عوامل بیماری زا قرار دارند، امروزه مشخص شده است آب های زیرزمینی نه تنها ممکن است عامل ایجاد بیماری در انسان باشند، بلکه می توانند باعث آلودگی آب های سطحی نیز شوند. با این وجود، تاکنون مطالعات اندکی بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی را بررسی کرده اند. هدف از این مطالعه، بررسی عوامل بیماری زا و بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی و نقش عوامل هیدروژئولوژیک در تقابل با آن ها است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه از مقالات مختلف، به خصوص مطالعات موردی، که بیماری های مربوط به آب های زیرزمینی را بررسی کرده اند استفاده شد. یافته ها: آب های زیرزمینی ممکن است منشأ بسیاری از بیماری ها باشند که بر روی قسمت های مختلف بدن تأثیر می گذارند. بیماری های گوارشی، قلبی- عروقی، مغزی، تنفسی، اسکلتی، دندانی، چشمی، و روانشناختی همراه با حصبه، وبا، هپاتیت، گواتر، متاگلوبین، برونشیت، فلج اطفال، کم خونی، خونریزی داخلی، پیرشدگی، آلرژی، گلودرد، ورم ملتحمه، آنوسمی، التهاب و سوزش دهان، بیهوشی، اختلالات یادگیری، اختلالات رفتاری و بیش فعالی در کودکان، اختلال در باروری و رشد جنین، سندروم کودک آبی و نقص مادرزادی در نوزادان، سرطان و حتی مرگ ممکن است به دلیل آب های زیرزمینی رخ دهند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: شناخت سیستم های آب زیرزمینی می تواند در فهم عوامل بیماری زا و پالایش آن ها مفید باشد. در واقع، سیستم های آب زیرزمینی با خصوصیات هیدروژئولوژیک مختلف وجود دارند. در نظر گرفتن فاکتورهایی مانند جنس سازندهای زمین شناسی، عمق آبخوان و نقش عوامل انسانی، مانند برداشت بی رویه از آب های زیرزمینی، می تواند مسئله را پیچیده تر، و لزوم مطالعات هیدروژئولوژیکی را در خصوص خودپالایی بارزتر کند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Even though surface water is more susceptible to pollution and pathogens than groundwater, nowadays, it has been affirmed that groundwater may not only cause diseases in humanity, but also contaminate surface water. However, few studies have hitherto taken into account the groundwater diseases. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pathogens and diseases apropos of groundwater and to assess the key role of hydrogeological factors in alleviating them. Material and Methodology: In this study, different articles, especially case studies, related to groundwater diseases were reviewed. Findings: Groundwater may be the origin of many diseases affecting different parts of the body. Gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, cerebral, respiratory, skeletal, dental, ocular, and psychological diseases along with typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, goiter, metaglobin, bronchitis, poliomyelitis, anemia, internal bleeding, aging, allergies, sore throat, conjunctivitis, anosmia, inflammation and burning of the mouth, anesthesia, learning disabilities, behavioral and hyperactivity disorders in children, impaired fertility and fetal development, methemoglobinemia, congenital defect, cancer, and even death may occur in lights of groundwater. Discussion and Conclusion: Acquiring knowledge about the groundwater systems might be advantageous to a thorough understanding of issues relating to pathogens, and their refinement. Indeed, dissimilar groundwater systems having various hydrogeological characteristics exist. Considering features such as the type of geological formations, the aquifer's depth, and the anthropogenic influences, viz. groundwater over-exploitation, can complicate the issue, and impose requirements on hydrogeological studies in terms of self-purification.
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