بازآفرینی طراحی فضای عمومی شهر در عصر شیوع کرونا
محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی
فرشته کافی نیا
1
(گروه هنر، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا(ع)، مشهد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
کلید واژه: کرونا, فضای عمومی, شهر, طراحی شهری, کویید 19, پیامد.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با شروع تشخیص و شیوع کرونا از ابتدای سال 2020 میلادی، اثرات منفی بر جوامع شهری آشکار شده است که به تبع آن با وجود تعیین ضوابطی به منظور پیشگیری از ابتلا به این ویروس، حضور شهروندان در فضاهای عمومی شهری به حداقل رسیده است. بشر به منظور ادامه حیات خود باید به فضاهای شهری باز گردد، درنتیجه لازم است تا برنامه ها و اقداماتی جهت خوانشی نو از طراحی فضاهای عمومی، با تاکید بر حداقل رساندن خطرات شیوع ویروس کویید 19 و رعایت فاصله اجتماعی صورت گیرد. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر، با روش شناختی- فرا تحلیلی و رویکرد نظری و تئوریک و انجام مطالعات کتابخانه ای صورت گرفته است. یافته ها: هدف از این پژوهش، تدقیق مولفه های فضای عمومی تاب آور و سرزنده از دیدگاه متیو کارمونا و بررسی تاثیرات ویروس کرونا بر هر یک از مولفه ها در فضای شهری می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر این اساس، مولفه های فضای شهری از منظر کرمونا شامل (مولفه کالبدی، عملکردی، اجتماعی، بصری، ادراک و زمان) می باشد که ویروس کویید 19 به ترتیب باعث بروز آثاری همچون (تعریض پیاده روها، طراحی بیوفیلیک ساختمان ها و ... در بعد کالبدی)، (ممنوعیت اتوموبیل در برخی خیابان ها و ایجاد فضاهای دوجرخه محور، مطرح شدن ایده شهر 15 دقیقه ای و ... در بعد عملکردی)، (ایجاد فاصله اجتماعی، تعطیلی مراکز تجمعی و ... در بعد اجتماعی)، (ایجاد چهره ای خشن و بی رحم در شهر ناشی از عدم مردم در فضای شهری و تعطیلی مراسم و آیین ها و ... در بعد بصری)، (بروز خشونت، ترس، ناامیدی و .... در بعد ادراک) و (کاهش مدت زمان حضور شهروندان در ترافیک و پارکها و ... در بعد زمان) شده است. به طورکلی، این پدیده همچون هر پدیده دیگری، دارای پیامد های مثبت و منفی متعددی می باشد که می توان این اپیدمی را فرصتی برای تجدید نظر در طراحی شهرها برای آمادگی بهتر برای بحران های آینده قلمداد کرد.
Background and Objective: With the beginning of the diagnosis and spread of the corona virus in the beginning of 2020, the negative effects on urban communities have been revealed, as a result of which, despite the establishment of rules to prevent the spread of this virus, the presence of citizens in urban public spaces has been minimized. Is. Humans must return to urban spaces in order to continue their lives, as a result, it is necessary to take plans and actions for a new reading of the design of public spaces, with an emphasis on minimizing the risks of the spread of the Covid-19 virus and observing social distance. Material and Methodology: The current research was conducted with a cognitive-meta-analytical method and a theoretical and theoretical approach and library studies. Findings: The purpose of this research is to verify the components of resilient and lively public space from Matthew Carmona's point of view and to investigate the effects of the corona virus on each of the components in the urban space. Discussion and Conclusions: Based on this, the components of the urban space from Cremona's point of view include (physical, functional, social, visual, perception and time components) which the covid 19 virus respectively causes effects such as (widening of sidewalks, biophilic design) buildings and... in the physical dimension), (prohibition of automobiles in some streets and creation of two-wheeled spaces, the idea of a 15-minute city and... in the functional dimension), (creation of social distance, closure of gathering centers, etc.) .. in the social dimension), (creating a harsh and cruel face in the city due to the lack of people in the urban space and the closure of ceremonies and rituals, etc.) in the visual dimension, (the appearance of violence, fear, despair, etc.) in the dimension of perception) and (decreasing the duration of citizens' presence in traffic and parks, etc. in the dimension of time). In general, this phenomenon, like any other phenomenon, has many positive and negative consequences that this epidemic can be considered an opportunity to reconsider the design of cities for better preparation for future crises.
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