نسبت کالبد و دلبستگی به فضاهای جمعی در گونه غالب مجتمع های مسکونی کم ارتفاع شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی محیطی در معماری و شهرسازیامیررضا شهیدی 1 , فهیمه معتضدیان 2 *
1 - گروه معماری، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران
کلید واژه: حس دلبستگی به مکان, عوامل کالبدی, مجتمع مسکونی خطی, فضای جمعی,
چکیده مقاله :
امروزه فضای جمعی که مهم ترین عرصه مشترک زندگی در محل سکونت به شمار می رود، تا حد زیادی قابلیت اجتماع پذیری خود را از دست داده است. حس دلبستگی به عنوان عامل پیوند انسان و مکان، نقش مهمی در احیای این گونه فضاها داراست و درک صحیحی از عامل کالبد به عنوان مفهومی بنیادین در تعریف این گونه فضاها، می تواند موجب تحریک حس دلبستگی گردد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی نسبت کالبد و حس دلبستگی به فضاهای جمعی در گونه غالب مجتمع های مسکونی کم ارتفاع شهر تهران، یعنی گونه خطی با تراکم خرد واحد مسکونی می باشد. ابزار پژوهش حاضر شامل مطالعات کتابخانه ای، پرسشنامه و ثبت مشاهدات رفتاری ساکنان در فضاهای جمعی مجتمع ها می باشد. با مراجعه به متون و جمع بندی نظرات اندیشمندان حوزه، شاخص های پژوهش انتخاب و از دل آن ها، مولفه های کالبدی استخراج گردید. سپس آزمون تجربی و توزیع پرسشنامه و همزمان از طریق بازدیدهای منظم روزانه، ثبت مشاهدات رفتاری انجام گردید و در نهایت با استفاده از نرم افزارهای مربوطه، به تجزیه و تحلیل داده های کمی 256 پرسشنامه پرداخته شد. نتایج پژوهش حاکی از نقش بسزای عوامل کالبدی بر میزان دلبستگی ساکنان به فضاهای جمعی مجتمع های مسکونی می باشد و شاخص «ذهنی» نسبت به شاخص «عینی»، تاثیر بیش تری بر حس دلبستگی دارد. از میان مولفه های عینی، «شخصیت کالبدی»، «عوامل محیطی»، «قابلیت محیطی» و «تناسبات بصری» و از میان مولفه های ذهنی، «نفوذپذیری»، «خاطره جمعی»، «امنیت و آسایش» و «سرزندگی و حیاتمندی» به ترتیب اولویت، بیش ترین تاثیرگذاری را بر ارزیابی دلبستگی ساکنان به فضاهای جمعی دارد.
Nowadays, the communal space, which is considered the most important common area of life in residential area, has largely lost its ability to be sociable. The sense of attachment, as a factor connecting humans and places, plays an important role in the revitalization of such spaces and a correct understanding of the physical factor as a fundamental concept in defining such spaces, can stimulate this sense of attachment. The goal of this study is to identify the relationship between the physical body and the sense of attachment to communal spaces in the dominant type of low-rise residential complexes in Tehran, namely the linear type with low density of residential units. The research methodology includes library studies, questionnaires and recording behavioral observations of residents in the communal spaces of the complexes. By reviewing the literature and synthesizing the opinions of scholars in the field, research indicators were selected and physical components were extracted from them. Then, experimental testing and questionnaire distribution were conducted and Simultaneously, behavioral observations were recorded through regular daily visits. Finally, the quantitative data from 256 questionnaires were analyzed using relevant software tools. The research findings indicate the significant role of physical factors on the level of residents' attachment to the communal spaces of residential complexes. The "subjective" indicator has a greater impact on the sense of attachment than the "objective" indicator. Among the objective components, "Physical Identity", "Environmental Factors", "Affordance", "Visual Proportions" and among the subjective components, " Penetrability", "collective memory", " Security and Comfort" and " Playfulness and Vitality" in order of priority, have the greatest impact on residents' sense of attachment to the communal spaces of residential complexes.
Ahmadi, Seyed Yousef .(2020). The effect of physical factors of Isfahan's urban public spaces on the formation of attachment to place for newcomers. PhD dissertation in Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art [In Persian].
Alexander, Christopher .(2002). Architecture and the Secret of Immortality. Translation:Ghayoumi Bidhendi, Mehrdad. Tehran: Publications of Shahid Beheshti University [In Persian].
Ardalan, D., Ebrahimipoor, M. (2020). Comparative study of residential blocks typology effect on urban tissue morphology (case study: Abbas-Gholi khan, gateways of Rasht, and Yadi Borough in Zanjan city). Geographical Engineering of Territory,4(1), 37-55. DOI: https://doi.org/JGET-1907-1103(R3) [In Persian].
Arghiani, M., Mirhashemi, S M. (2022). Evaluation of the components affecting the promotion of attachment to the place in the open spaces of residential complexes. Journal of Conservation and Architecture in Iran , 12 (29), 89-105. DOI: 10.52547/mmi.1797.14000625 [In Persian].
Bentley, et al. (2003). Responsive Environments. Translation: Behzadfar, Mostafa. Tehran:Publications of Iran University of Science and Technology [In Persian].
Cohen, Y. S., Shinar, A. (1985). Neighborhoods and friendship networks : a study of three residential neighborhoods in Jerusalem. The University of Chicago.
Danesh paye, Nesar, Habibi, Farah, & Toghyani, Shirin. (2017). Explanation of effective physical component in creating a sense of place in the new urban development. Urban Management, 16(47), 119-130. https://sid.ir/paper/92364/en [In Persian].
Doh, M. (2006). Change Through Tourism: Resident Perceptions of Tourism Development. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas, United States.
Einifar, Alireza, & Ghazizadeh, S. Neda. (2011). The Typology of Tehran Residential Building Based on Open Space Layout. Armanshahr, 3(5), 35-45. https://sid.ir/paper/202545/en [In Persian].
Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey research methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Ghazizadeh, S. Neda. (2011). The effect of open space design in residential complexes on creating a sense of attachment to place (Case study: selected residential complexes in Tehran), PhD dissertation in Faculty of Art & Architecture, University of Tehran [In Persian].
Glaster, G. C., & Hesser, G. W. (1981). Residential Satisfaction: Composition and Contextual Correlates. Environment and Behavior, 13(6), 735-758. DOI: 10.1177/0013916581136006
Gustafson, P. (2001). "Meanings of place: Everyday experience and theoretical conceptualizations". Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, pp.5-16. https://doi.org/10.1006/jevp.2000.0185
Hashas, M. (2004). ‘Residents’ Attachment to New Urbanist Versus Conventional Suburban Developments’, PhD dissertation in community and Environmental design, North Carolina State University.
Honarvar J, jalalian S. (2022). A comparative study of the effect of physical-social factors on the quality of life of residents of different types of housing in quarantine conditions (Case study: different types of housing in Tehran). Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences, 22(64), 307-327. 10.52547/jgs.22.64.307 [In Persian].
Jannatpour, Niloufar, & Karimi Azeri, Amirreza. (2019). Analysis of the Physical Components Influencing the Formation of a Sense of Belonging to the Place in the Residential Complex of Rasht (Case Study: Al Ghadir Complex,Abrisham Complex, Masuleh Tak Complex). Urban Management Studies, 10(36), 29-40. https://sid.ir/paper/199358/en [In Persian].
Khabiri, Samaneh, & Pourjafar, Mohammadreza, & Izadi, Mohammadsaeid. (2015). Place Attachment; Conceptualization, Principles and Criteria. JOURNAL OF Hoviatshahr, 9(24), 43-64. https://sid.ir/paper/ 154716/fa [In Persian].
Krosnick, J. A. (1999). Survey Research. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 537-567.
Lewicka, M. (2011). Place attachment: How far have we come in the last 40 years?. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31 (3), 207-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2010.10.001
Lynch, Kevin. (2004). Cityscape. Translation: Manouchehr Mazini. Tehran: Tehran University Press [In Persian].
Marcus, C.C. (1992). Environmental Memories. In I. Altman, S.M. Low (eds.), Place Attachment. Human Behavior and Environment (Advances in Theory and Research), vol 12. Boston, MA: Springer.
Masoomi M, mirkhatib A.(2017). The Impact of Open Spaces Designing To Create place Attachment In Residential Complexes (Case study: Sheshsad Dastgah residential complexes in Mashhad city). Geographical Research journal, 32 (3) :52-73. 10.29252/geores.32.3.52 [In Persian].
Montgomery, J. (1998). «Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design.» . Journal of Urban Design 1, 93-115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809808724418
Norouzian Maleki, Saeid, & Omidi, Neda. (2020). Evaluation of The Impact of Physical-Social Factors on The Sense of Place in Residential Open Public Spaces. Hoviateshahr, 14(41), 87-98. https://sid.ir/paper/154488/en [In Persian].
Partovi, Parvin. (2013). Phenomenology of Place. 2nd Edition. Tehran: Institute of Literature; Institute of Compilation-Translation and Publication of Art Works (MATN); Academy of the Arts. [In Persian].
Proshansky, H., Fabian, A.K., Kaminoff, R., (1983). "Place identity: physical world socialization of the self". Journal of Environmental Psychology 3, 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8
Qaedi, Abdolkarim. (2014). Affordance of Shared Spaces in Residential Complexes. Soffeh Journal,24(4),23-32. 20.1001.1.1683870.1393.24.4.2.7 [In Persian].
Rahimi, Rouhollah. (2019). Relation between physical form and place attachment in architecture (Case study: communal spaces of residential complexes in Tehran). PhD dissertation in Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University [In Persian].
Ryden, K. C. (1993). "Mapping the invisible landscape: Folklore, writing, and the sense of place". Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
Sadeghi, Ali Reza.(2014). Explanation of the Relationship between Sense of Belonging and Environmental Aesthetics in Public Spaces of Persian Islamic Cities. PhD dissertation in Faculty of Art & Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University [In Persian].
Sadeqi Fereshteh, R., Daneshgar Moqadam, G., Dejdar, O.(2012). Studying the relationship between skeletal scheme of residential complexes and sense of interest to the place among the residents. Urban Management, 10 (30), 253-264. http://ijurm.imo.org.ir/article-1-193-fa.html [In Persian].
Salvesen, D. (2002). The Making of place: what 'makes' a place and why is it important? Urban Land, 61(7), 36-41. https://matr.net/news/the-making-of-place/
Scannell, L., Gifford, R. (2010), Defining Place Attachment a Tripartite Organizing Framework, Journal of Environmental Psychology, No. 30, pp. 1 -10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.09.006
Steele, F. (1981). "The sense of place", CBI Publishing Company, Inc.
TaherToloudel, M S., Mahdinejad, J. & Sadat, S A. (2020). The Effect of Mental, Behavioral and Physical Factors of Sense of Place on Residential Satisfaction. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Urban Design, 8(1), 165-182. https://doi.org/10.22061/jsaud.2020.5756.1556 [In Persian].
Ujang, N. (2010). Place attachment and continuity of urban place identity. Asian Journal of Environment-Behavior Studies, 11, 41-74. DOI:10.21834/aje-bs.v2i2.182
Waxman, L. K. (2004). More Than Coffee: An Examination of People, Place, and Community with Implications for Design; Ph.D Dissertation, Florida State University.
Wu,Wenyuan & Ge, Xin Janet.(2020). Communal Space Design of High-Rise Apartments: A Literature Review. Journal of Design and Built Environment, 20(1), 35-49. DOI:10.22452/jdbe.vol20no1.4
Xintian, Wang.(2022). Developing Place Attachment in Residential Outdoor Environments: Comparing Two Residential Models in Qingdao, China, PhD dissertation in Faculty of Arts, Design & Architecture, The University of New South Wales.