بررسی فیتوشیمی گیاه Dorema kopetdaghense Pimenov از استان خراسان رضوی
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمیزهرا محمدزاده شبستری 1 * , راهله رهباریان 2
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی،دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران
کلید واژه: فیتوشیمی, گیاه بومی خراسان, گونه گیاهی Dorema kopetdaghense, Dorema,
چکیده مقاله :
جنس Dorema متعلق به خانواده Apiaceae است که شامل گونه‌های آروماتیک و دارویی است. ترکیبات شیمیایی متعددی از جمله ترپن‌ها، کومارین‌ها و ترکیبات فنلی از گونه‌های Dorema جدا شده‌است و طیف وسیعی از فعالیت های ضد میکروبی، ضد التهابی، آنتی‌اکسیدانی، سمیت سلولی و... از این جنس در پزشکی مدرن گزارش شده‌است. از آنجا که گونه‌های این جنس خواص دارویی ارزشمندی دارند، این احتمال وجود دارد کهD. kopetdaghense Pimenov یک گیاه دارویی ارزشمند باشد که خواص آن تقریبا ناشناخته مانده‌است و مطالعات محدودی درباره ترکیبات و متابولیت‌های ثانویه آن صورت گرفته‌است. در این مطالعه ترکیبات شیمیایی موجود در عصاره اندام هوایی و ریشه به طور جداگانه مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته‌است. در این مطالعه گیاه در فصل بهار جمع آوری شد و پس از خشک شدن، عصاره هیدروالکلی از اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه به وسیله سوکسله و اسانس گیاه بوسیله دستگاه کلونجر تهیه شد. سپس ترکیبات فنلی، آنتوسیانین‌ها و اسیدهای چرب به روش HPLC، آلکالوئیدها به روش LC-MS وترپنوئیدها به روش GC-MS اندازه‌گیری شدند. در اسانس اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاه D. kopetdaghense Pimenov 4 ترکیب فنلی روتین، کرسیترین، کوئرستین و لوتئولین در اندام هوایی و ریشه شناسایی شدند. 3 ترکیب فنلی میریستین، m-کوماریک اسید و آپیژنین فقط در اندام هوایی گیاه یافت شد. 3 اسید چرب کامپسترول، استیگمسترول و بتا_سیتوسترول در اندام هوایی و ریشه شناسایی شد. 3 ترکیب آلکالوئیدی کوکسولین، بربامین و داوریسین در اندام هوایی و ریشه گزارش شد. بیش‌ترین اجزای شناسایی شده در گیاه از دسته ترکیبات ترپنوئیدی بود که شامل 38 ترکیب در اندام هوایی و 32 ترکیب در ریشه بود. لیمونن، کاریوفیلن اکساید، فیتول و فارنزول از ترکیبات ترپنی شاخص شناسایی شده در گیاه هستند.
The Dorema genus belongs to the Apiaceae family, which includes aromatic and medicinal species. Many chemical compounds, including terpenes, coumarins and phenolic compounds, have been isolated from Dorema species, and a wide range of antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, etc. activities have been reported from this genus in modern medicine. Since the species of this genus have valuable medicinal properties, it is possible that D. kopetdaghense Pimenov is a valuable medicinal plant whose properties remain almost unknown, and limited studies have been done on its compounds and secondary metabolites. In this study, the chemical compounds present in the extract of shoot and root were studied separately. In this study, the plant was collected in spring and after drying, hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts and roots of the plant was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and the essential oil of the plant was prepared by Clevenger apparatus. Then, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and fatty acids were measured by the HPLC method, alkaloids by LC-MS method and terpenoids by GC-MS method. Four phenolic compounds, rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, and luteolin were identified in the essential oil of the shoot and root of D. kopetdaghense Pimenov in shoot and root. 3 phenolic compounds, myricetin, m-coumaric acid and apigenin were found only in the aerial parts of the plant. 3 fatty acids campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol were identified in shoot and root. 3 alkaloidal compounds cocsuline, berbamin and dauricine were reported in shoot and root. The most common compound identified in the plant was terpenoid content, which was reported as 38 compounds in aerial parts and 32 compounds in roots. Limonene, caryophyllene oxide, phytol, farnesol and neophytadine are the main terpene compounds identified in the plant.
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