تأثیر کودهای زیستی و ورمی کمپوست بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و فیتوشیمیایی کارلا
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی
تهمینه میرعرب
1
(گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
عیسی خمری
2
(استادیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
زینب محکمی
3
(گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پژوهشکده کشاورزی، پژوهشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
مهدی دهمرده
4
(گروه زراعت،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران)
علیرضا سیروس مهر
5
(دانشگاه زابل)
کلید واژه: خربزه تلخ, سودوموناس, ضددیابت, فسفر, مایکوریزا,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاه کارلا ( (Momcrdica Charantia L.که معمولاً خربزه تلخ ، کدوی تلخ و خیار تلخ نامیده می¬شود؛ گیاهی دارویی از خانواده کدوئیان است. همه بخش¬های این گیاه خاصیت دارویی دارند؛ اما میوه مهمترین بخش این گیاه است که برای کنترل دیابت استفاده می¬گردد. کارلا خواص درماني زیادی مثل کنترل دیابت، ضد سرطان و ضدمیکروبی دارد. با توجه به مصرف بی¬رويه کودهای شيميايی و اثر آنها بر کاهش کيفيت گياهان و افزايش آلودگی زيست¬محیطی، اين تحقیق به¬منظور بررسی اثر کودهای زيستی و آلی بر شاخص کلروفیل برگ، عملکرد و کیفیت میوه کارلا اجرا گردید. آزمایش به¬صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار طی سال¬های 1400 و 1401 بود. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل مایکوریزا در دو سطح (تلقیح با Glomus mosseae و عدم تلقیح)، باکتری محرک رشد گیاه در چهار سطح (عدم تلقیح، تلقیح با ازتوباکتر، تلقیح با سودوموناس و تلقیح با هر دو سویه) و ورمی¬کمپوست در چهار سطح (0، 4، 7 و 10 تن در هکتار) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که شاخص کلروفیل، وزن خشک میوه و کیفیت میوه در سال دوم به علت افزایش دما، کاهش بارندگی و افزایش تبخیر ماهانه در مقایسه با سال اول کمتر بود. کاربرد جداگانه و ترکیبی مایکوریزا، باکتری محرک رشد گیاه و ورمی¬کمپوست اثرات مثبتی بر صفات مورد مطالعه در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد (عدم کاربرد این عوامل) داشتند. تأثیر مثبت تیمارهای ترکیبی هر سه عامل در مقایسه با کاربرد جداگانه آنها بیشتر بود. تیمار ترکیبی تلقیح مایکوریزا و کاربرد هر دو سویه باکتری در حضور 10 تن در هکتار ورمی¬کمپوست بیشترین تأثیر مثبت را بر صفات مورد مطالعه داشت و کاروتنوئید میوه، پتاسیم میوه و شاخص کلروفیل را به¬ترتیب 7/80 درصد، 9/30 درصد و 7/72 درصد افزایش داد. در کل، کاربرد ترکیبی کودهای زیستی و ورمی¬کمپوست عملکرد و کیفیت کارلا را با افزایش کلروفیل و میزان عناصر بهبود داد.
Carla plant (Momcrdica Charantia L.) which is usually called bitter melon, bitter gourd, and bitter cucumber, is a medicinal plant from the Cucurbitaceae family. Carla plant has many therapeutic properties such as controlling diabetes, anticancer, and antimicrobial. Considering the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers and their effect on reducing the quality of plants and increasing environmental pollution, this research was carried out to investigate the impact of biological and organic fertilizers on leaf chlorophyll index, yield, and quality of Carla fruit. The experiment was factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in the years 2021 and 2022. The experimental treatments include mycorrhiza at two levels (inoculation with Glomus mosseae and non-inoculation), plant growth-promoting bacteria at four levels (non-inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter, inoculation with Pseudomonas and inoculation with both strains) and vermicompost at four levels (0, 4, 7, and 10 t ha-1). The results showed that the chlorophyll index, fruit dry weight, and fruit quality were lower in the second year due to the increase in temperature, decrease in rainfall, and enhance in monthly evaporation compared to the first year. The separate and combined application of mycorrhiza, plant growth-promoting bacteria, and vermicompost had positive effects on the studied traits compared to the control treatment (non-application of these factors). The combined treatments of all three agents had a greater positive effect than their separate applications. The combined treatment of mycorrhizal inoculation and the use of both bacterial strains in the presence of 10 tons per hectare vermicompost had the most positive effect on the studied traits and increased fruit carotenoid, fruit potassium, and chlorophyll index by 80.7%, 30.9%, and 72.7%, respectively. In general, the combined application of biofertilizers and vermicompost improved the yield and quality of karela by increasing chlorophyll and the content of elements.
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