ارزیابی انرژی موجک برای ارتعاش شمع منفرد مدفون در ماسه تحت اثر زلزله¬های حوزه دور و نزدیک
محورهای موضوعی : آنالیز سازه - زلزله
نوید حسن پوری نوتاش
1
,
روزبه دبیری
2
,
مسعود حاجیعلیلو بناب
3
,
لاریسا خدادادی
4
,
فریبا بهروز سرند
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه مهندسی ژئوتکنیک، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی برق، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
5 - استادیار، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: شمع, زلزله¬های حوزه دور و نزدیک, تبدیل موجک, Abaqus, MATLAB,
چکیده مقاله :
ارزیابی عملکرد شمع در برابر بارگذاری های لرزه‌ای یکی از مسائل مهم در مهندسی ژئوتکنیک به شمار می‌رود. رویکردهای مختلفی در ارزیابی این عملکرد مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرند که می‌توان به رویکردهای پیوسته و گسسته اشاره نمود. در رویکرد پیوسته می‌توان از تحلیل‌های دوبعدی و سه بعدی استفاده نمود. یکی از معایب بسیار مهمی که در تحلیل‌های سه بعدی شمع می‌توان به آن اشاره نمود، افزایش هزینه‌های محاسباتی است. بنابراین، بهبود دقت تحلیل‌های دوبعدی به منظور کاهش هزینه‌های محاسباتی امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. در مطالعه حاضر، رفتار شمع منفرد مدفون در خاک ماسه تک¬لایه و دولایه تحت دو رکورد زلزله (حوزه دور و نزدیک) با استفاده از نرم¬افزار المان محدود Abaqus مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در گام بعد، پردازش سیگنال داده¬های شتاب- زمان مقطع شمع با استفاده از تبدیل موجک انجام گرفت. براساس نتایج، انرژی موجک برای سیگنال سرشمع تحت رکورد حوزه نزدیک بیشتر از رکورد حوزه دور به¬دست آمد. به¬طوری¬که برای خاک تک¬لایه و دولایه به¬ترتیب در حدود 11% و 41% افزایش در انرژی موجک محاسبه شد. این افزایش در انرژی موجک ناشی از افزایش قابل ملاحظه جابه¬جایی افقی شمع تحت رکوردهای حوزه نزدیک گسل در مقایسه با رکوردهای حوزه دور است. بنابراین، با انجام تحلیل سیگنال مبتنی بر تبدیل موجک پیوسته بر روی شتاب افقی مقطع شمع می¬توان اطلاعات مناسبی از نوع رکورد زلزله به¬لحاظ نزدیکی و دوری از گسل تعیین نمود.
Evaluating pile performance against seismic loading is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering. Various approaches are used in the evaluation of this performance, which can be referred to as continuous and discrete approaches. In the continuous approach, two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyzes can be used. One of the very important disadvantages that can be pointed out in the three-dimensional analyzes of piles is the increase in computational costs. Therefore, improving the accuracy of two-dimensional analyzes in order to reduce computational costs is inevitable. The present study has used Abaqus finite element software to evaluate the response of a single pile embedded in single— and double-layer sand under two earthquake records (far-field and near-field). The subsequent stage involved employing the wavelet transformation technique to analyze the signal derived from the pile cross-section. The present study utilized the acceleration time histories of the pile head as the input signal for wavelet transformation. The result showed that the wavelet energy for the pile head signal was higher in the near-field record than in the far-field record. The analysis indicated an 11% and 41% increase in wavelet energy for single-layer and double-layer profiles, respectively. This increase in wavelet energy is due to the significant increase in horizontal displacement of the pile under near-field records compared to far-field records. Therefore, by implementing signal processing analysis employing continuous wavelet transformation on the horizontal acceleration of the pile section, relevant information regarding the type of earthquake records that occurred at the site can be extracted.
[1] Rucka M, Wilde K. Application of continuous wavelet transform in vibration based damage detection method for beams and plates. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 2006 Nov 6;297(3–5):536–550.
[2] Wang J, Qiao P. On irregularity-based damage detection method for cracked beams. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2008 Jan 15;45(2):688–704.
[3] Ni SH, Lo KF, Lehmann L, Huang YH. Time-frequency analyses of pile-integrity testing using wavelet transform. Computers and Geotechnics. 2008 Jul 1;35(4):600–607.
[4] Zhong S, Oyadiji SO. Crack detection in simply supported beams using stationary wavelet transform of modal data. Structural Control and Health Monitoring. 2011 Mar 1;18(2):169–190. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/stc.366
[5] Xiang J, Liang M. Wavelet-Based Detection of Beam Cracks Using Modal Shape and Frequency Measurements. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 2012 Jul 1;27(6):439–454. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2012.00760.x
[6] Jiang X, Ma ZJ, Ren WX. Crack Detection from the Slope of the Mode Shape Using Complex Continuous Wavelet Transform. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 2012 Mar 1;27(3):187–201. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2011.00734.x
[7] Vafaei M, Adnan A bin, Abd.Rahman AB. A neuro-wavelet technique for seismic damage identification of cantilever structures. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2014 Dec 25;10(12):1666–1684. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15732479.2013.849746
[8] Vafaei M, Adnan A bin. Seismic damage detection of tall airport traffic control towers using wavelet analysis. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2014 Jan;10(1):106–127. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15732479.2012.704051
[9] Ni SH, Yang YZ, Tsai PH, Chou WH. Evaluation of pile defects using complex continuous wavelet transform analysis. NDT and E International. 2017 Apr 1;87:50–59.
[10] Li DQ, Chen G, Li KQ, Liu Y. Wavelet and fourier transforms in health monitoring of embedded structures. In: 13th International Conference on Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP13, Seoul, South Korea, May 26-30, 2019.
[11] Gohl WB. Response of pile foundations to simulated earthquake loading : experimental and analytical results volume II. Ph.D. Dissertation, Dep Civ Eng Univ Br Columbia, Vancouver. 1991 Jul; Available from: https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0050510
[12] Dassault Systèmes. Abaqus Version 6.14, 2014.
[13] Subba Rao KS, Allam MM, Robinson RG. Interfacial friction between sands and solid surfaces. Proc Inst Civ Eng Geotech Eng. 1998 Jun 5;131(2):75–82. Available from: https://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/10.1680/igeng.1998.30112
[14] PLAXIS. PLAXIS 2D Reference Manual. Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, 2012.
[15] Damians IP, Yu Y, Lloret A, Bathurst RJ, Josa A. Equivalent interface properties to model soil-facing interactions with zero-thickness and continuum element methodologies. From Fundamentals to Applications in Geotechnics. 2015 November;1065–1072.
Available from:https://ebooks.iospress.nl/doi/10.3233/978-1-61499-603-3-1065
[16] Pradhan SK, Desai CS. DSC Model for Soil and Interface Including Liquefaction and Prediction of Centrifuge Test. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 2006 Feb 1;132(2):214–222. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282006%29132%3A2%28214%29
[17] Desai CS. Constitutive modeling and computer methods in geotechnical engineering. Acta Geotechnica Slovenica. 2010;7(1):5–29.
[18] Hussein AF, El Naggar MH. Seismic behaviour of piles in non-liquefiable and liquefiable soil. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2022 Jan 1;20(1):77–111. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10518-021-01244-4
[19] Hashash YMA, Musgrove MI, Harmon JA, Ilhan O, Xing G, Numanoglu O, et al. DEEPSOIL 7. Urbana, IL: Board of Trustees of University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 2020.
[20] Darendeli MB. Development of a new family of normalized modulus reduction and material damping curves. Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin, 2001.
[21] Menq FY. Dynamic Properties of Sandy and Gravelly Soils. Ph.D. Dissertation, Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin, 2003.
[22] Brown DA, Shie CF. Three dimensional finite element model of laterally loaded piles. Computers and Geotechnics. 1990 Jan 1;10(1):59–79.
[23] Trochanis AM, Bielak J, Christiano P. Three-dimensional nonlinear study of piles. J Geotech Eng. 1991 Mar 1;117(3):429–47. Available from: https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9410%281991%29117%3A3%28429%29
[24] Susila E, Hryciw RD. Large displacement FEM modelling of the cone penetration test (CPT) in normally consolidated sand. Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech [Internet]. 2003 Jun 1;27(7):585–602.
Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/nag.287
[25] ABAQUS INC. Analysis of Geotechnical Problems with ABAQUS. ABAQUS, Inc.; 2003.
[26] Wrana B, Kalisz W, Wawrzonek M. Nonlinear Analysis of Pile Displacement Using the Finite Element Method. Technical Transactions. 2013;2-B:137–147.
[27] Kamal ZA, Arab MG, Dif A. Analysis of The arching phenomenon of bored piles in sand. Alexandria Eng J. 2016 Sep 1;55(3):2639–2645.
[28] Hasanpouri Notash N, Dabiri R, Hajialilue Bonab M, Khodadadi L, Behrouz Sarand F. A finite element modeling of drained triaxial test on loose sand using different constitutive models. AUT J Civ Eng. 2022 Sep 1;6(3):339–58.
Available from: https://ajce.aut.ac.ir/article_5138.html
[29] Hibbitt, Karlsson, Sorensen. ABAQUS/Explicit User’s Manual. Hibbitt, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc; 2000.
[30] Helwany S. Applied Soil Mechanics: With ABAQUS Applications. Applied Soil Mechanics: With ABAQUS Applications. John Wiley & Sons; 2007. 1–385 p.
[31] Alizadeh Sabet S. Application of a Cosserat Continuum Model to Non-associated Plasticity. Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, 2020.
[32] Applied Technology Council (ATC). Quantification of building seismic performance factors. FEMA P695, 2009.