تعیین عمق های آستانه ای آب آبیاری در گیاه گوجه فرنگی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های به زراعیداود اکبری نودهی 1 * , نادیا فهیمی بورخیلی 2 , فاطمه نادری 3 , عابد عابد واحدی 4
1 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی، گروه آبیاری، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم¬شهر، ایران
2 - دبیر آموزش و پرورش منطقه 2 مازندران، بهداشت، مازندران، ایران
3 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد سازه¬های آبی، گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، ایران
4 - استادیار و عضو هیات علمی، گروه زراعت، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم¬شهر، ایران
کلید واژه: تابع تولید, بهینه سازی, بهره‌وری آب آبياري,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور تعیین مقدار بهینه آب آبیاری برای گیاه گوجه فرنگی به روش آبیاری سطحی در شرق استان مازندران، در شرایط مختلف، حداکثر محصول، محدودیت زمین، آب و كم آبياري آزمایشی در سال 1389 انجام پذیرفت. تیمارها در قالب طرح بلوك¬هاي کامل تصادفی با شش سطح آبیـاري صفر (بدون آبياري)، 20، 40، 60، 80 و 100 درصد نياز آبی) گياه بوده است. مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها نشان داد که اختلاف معنی¬داری بین عملکرد گوجه فرنگی در تیمارهای مختلف وجود دارد. در خصوص روابط بین عملکرد و هزینـه بـا آب مصـرفی بـه ترتیب توابع چند جمله اي درجه دوم و خطی به دست آمد. مقدار آب آبیاری برای حداکثر تولید برابر با 570 میلی متر، در شرایط محدودیت زمین برابر513 میلی‌متر و در شرایط محدودیت آب 458 میلی متر بود. در شرایطی که زمین عامل محدود کننده باشد با اعمال کم آبیاری برای گوجه فرنگی، به میزان 21 درصد سود حاصل از واحد سطح با آبیاری کامل برابر می¬شود. در این حالت مقدار آب مصرفی برای گوجه فرنگی 454 ميلي‌متر خواهد شد. در شرایطی که آب عامل محدود کننده باشد، با اعمال کم آبیاری برای گوجه فرنگی به میزان 35 درصد، سود حاصل از واحد سطح با سود حاصل از آبیاری کامل برابر می‌گردد. در این حالت مقدار آب آبیاری برای گوجه فرنگی برابر با 366 میلی‌متر و سطح قابل آبیاری توسط این آب، 56/1 برابر سطحی است که توسط حداكثر مقدار آب، آبیاری خواهد شد.
This experiment was done in 2010 to determining the optimal depth of irrigation and observing the application of this depth compared to full irrigation can significantly save irrigation water consumption and on the other hand, due evaluate the possibility of increasing the cultivated area, it can increase the amount of net income to a great extent. In this research, the optimal amount of irrigation water for tomato plant in different conditions, maximum yield, land limitation, water and low irrigation was determined. The treatments were carried out in the form of a randomized complete block design with six irrigation levels: zero (no irrigation), 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent of the plant's water requirement). Comparison of average data showed that there is a significant difference between tomato yield in different treatments. The relationships between performance and cost with water consumption were obtained by linear and quadratic polynomial functions, respectively. The amount of irrigation water for maximum production was equal to 570 mm, in the condition of land limitation it was equal to 513 mm and in the condition of water limitation it was 458 mm. In the conditions where the land is the limiting factor, applying low irrigation for tomatoes, the amount of 21% profit per unit area is equal to full irrigation. In this case, the amount of water used for tomatoes will be 454 mm. In the conditions where water is the limiting factor, with the application of low irrigation for tomatoes by 35%, the profit from the surface unit is equal to the profit from full irrigation. In this case, the amount of irrigation water for tomatoes is equal to 366 mm and the surface that can be irrigated by this water is 1.56 times the surface that will be irrigated by the maximum amount of water.
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