بیماری‌های زئونوز سگ: تمرکز بر روی بیماری‌های هاری، لیشمانیوز و اکینوکوکوز
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران
کلید واژه: هاری, سازمان بهداشت جهانی, سگ, لیشمانیوز, اکینوکوکوز,
چکیده مقاله :
سه بیماری‌هاری، کیست هیداتید و لیشمانیوز که سه نوع بیماری هستند که از طریق سگ به انسان منتقل می‌شود و بر اساس گزارش سازمان جهانی بهداشت، جزو بیماری‌های بومی ایران محسوب می‌شوند در این مقاله مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرارگرفته است. هدف از انجام این مطالعه آشنایی به گسترش این بیماری‌ها و تحقیقات انجام شده در ایران و در نهایت پیشنهاد راهکارها و تمهیداتی برای کنترل بیماری است. برای پیشگیری از بیماری‌هاری بنظر می‌رسد استفاده از لباسهای محافظ، شستن زخمها با آب صابون و واکسیناسیون هاری به عنوان درمان اولیه ضروری است. طی سه دهه گذشته، علیرغم تلاش‌های فراوان برای کنترل بیماری لیشمانیوز جلدی در ایران، میزان ابتلا در برخی مناطق همچنان بالا باشد. این واقعیت نشان می‌دهد که زیرساخت‌های اساسی و طرح حمایتی و اجرایی قبلی مربوط به تشخیص، داروها و واکسن‌ها در داخل و خارج از کشور ناکافی است. درکل برای کنترل ناقل، استفاده از استراتژی‌های اخلاقی برای کاهش جمعیت سگ‌های ولگرد را توصیه شده است، مانند اخته کردن سگ‌های ولگرد، شناسایی سگ‌های شناسنامه دار مشکوک با تست آگلوتیناسیون مستقیم دوره‌ای و درمان یا نظارت سریع بر روی آنهایی که سرم مثبت یافته‌اند. علاوه بر این، با توجه به اهمیت تشخیص مورد انسانی، درمان کارآمد و آموزش بهداشت عمومی هدفمند، به ویژه در مناطق بومی و کانون بیماری پیشنهاد می‌شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Three diseases, rabies, hydatid cyst and leishmaniasis, which are three types of diseases that are transmitted to humans through dogs, and according to the report of the World Health Organization, are considered among the indigenous diseases of Iran. They have been investigated and studied in this research. The purpose of this study is to provide more information about outbreak of these diseases in Iran, related studies and finally to propose solutions and approaches to control the disease. To prevent rabies, it seems that using protective clothing, washing wounds with soap and vaccination as primary treatment is necessary. During the last three decades, despite many efforts to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran, the infection rate is still high in some areas. This fact shows that the basic structure and previous support and implementation plan related to diagnosis, medicines and vaccines inside and outside the country are insufficient. In general to control vectors, the use of ethical strategies to reduce the population of stray dogs is recommended, such as castration of stray dogs, identification of dogs with suspicious pedigrees by periodic direct agglutination testing, and prompt treatment or monitoring of those that are seropositive. In addition, due to the importance of human case diagnosis, efficient treatment and targeted public health education are suggested, especially in disease centers.
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1. Abedi M., Doosti-Irani A., Jahanbakhsh F., Sahebkar A. 2019. Epidemiology of animal bite in Iran during a 20-year period (1993-2013): a meta-analysis. Tropical Medicine and Health. 47:55.
2. Abedi-Astaneh F., Hajjaran H., Yaghoobi-Ershadi M.R., Hanafi-Bojd A.A., Mohebali M., Shirzadi M.R. 2016. Risk mapping and situational analysis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of Central Iran: a GIS-based survey, PloS One 11 (8), e0161317.
3. Alatif H. Burden and trends of Leishmaniasis over the last one decade across the globe: trend analysis of WHO regions. 2021. Integrative Journal of Medical Sciences. 8.
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