بررسی اثر محصول تجاری NPN (نیتروژن غیرپروتئینی) روی گاوهای شیری در شرایط برونتنی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوریامین دیندار صفا 1 , مهدی دهقان بنادکی 2 , حامد خلیل وندی بهروزیار 3 , مهدی گنج خانلو 4
1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
4 - Department of Animal Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
کلید واژه: اوره آهسته‌رهش, پلیمر, تولید گاز, ناپدید شدن مادۀ مغذی, نیتروژن غیر پروتئینی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر جايگزيني كنجاله سويا با اوره آهسته‌رهش بر تخمير آزمایشگاهی، فراسنجههای تولیدگاز و ناپدید شدن ماده مغذی اجرا شد. مواد و روش: در این آزمایش پنج تیمار غذایی در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل 1) جیره شاهد (بدون اوره)؛ 2) جیره حاوی 5/0 درصد CU جایگزین SBM؛ 3) جیره حاوی 5/0 درصد SRU جایگزین SBM؛ 4) جیره حاوی 0/1 درصد CU جایگزین SBM؛ و 5) جیره حاوی 0/1 درصد SRU جایگزین SBM تنظیم شدند. ميزان توليد گاز جیره‌های آزمایشی با استفاده از روش استاندارد جابجایی آب در سری‌های زمانی 2، 4، 6، 8، 12، 16، 24، 36، 48، 72 و 96 ساعت انکوباسیون اندازهگیری شد. فراسنجههای تولید گاز و میزان ناپدید شدن مادۀ مغذی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با استفاده از تکنیک تولید گاز اصلاح یافته اندازهگیری و محاسبه شد. نتایج: بعد از 8 ساعت انکوباسیون به‌طور معنی‌دار بیش‌ترین حجم و پتانسیل گاز تولیدی مربوط به جیره حاوی 5/0 درصد SRU جایگزین SBM بود (05/0>P). کم‌ترین ثابت نرخ تولید گاز برای جیره چهارم که بیش‌ترین غلظت اوره معمولی را دارا بود بدست آمد (038/0 میلی‌لیتر در ساعت 05/0>P). مقدار شاخص تفکیک در بین جیره‌های آزمایشی معنی‌دار بود و بیش‌ترین مقدار برای جیره شاهد بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار انرژی قابل متابولیسم مربوط به جیره حاوی 5/0 درصد SRU جایگزین SBM برابر 23/6 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم ماده خشک بود. همچنین به طور معنی‌دار بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین مقدار اسیدهای چرب زنجیر کوتاه به ترتیب برای جیره سوم حاوی 5/0 درصد SRU جایگزین SBM و جیره حاوی 0/1 درصد CU جایگزین SBM بدست آمد (641/0 در مقابل 513/0 درصد میلی‌مول 05/0>P). درصد ناپدید شدن مادۀ خشک و پروتئین خام در ساعات 12، 24 و 48 انکوباسیون در بین جیره‌های آزمایشی اختلاف معنی‌دار داشت (05/0>P).
Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal with slow-release urea on in vitro fermentation, gas production parameters, and nutrient disappearance. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, five dietary treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design including 1) control diet (without urea); 2) diet containing 0.5% CU instead of SBM; 3) diet containing 0.5% SRU instead of SBM; 4) diet containing 0.1% CU instead of SBM; and 5) diet containing 0.1% SRU instead of SBM. The gas production rate of the experimental diets was measured using the standard water displacement method at time series of 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours of incubation. Gas production parameters and nutrient disappearance rates were measured and calculated in vitro using a modified gas production technique. Results: After 8 hours of incubation, the highest volume and potential of gas production was significantly related to the diet containing 0.5% SRU instead of SBM (P<0.05). The lowest gas production rate constant was obtained for the fourth diet, which had the highest concentration of conventional urea (0.038 ml/h, P<0.05). The value of the partitioning factors was significant among the experimental diets and the highest value was for the control diet. The highest amount of metabolizable energy was found in the diet containing 0.5% SRU instead of SBM, equal to 6.23 Mj/kg dry matter. Significantly, the highest and lowest amounts of short-chain fatty acids were obtained for the third diet containing 0.5% SRU instead of SBM and the diet containing 0.1% CU instead of SBM, respectively (0.641 vs. 0.513% mmol/l, P<0.05). The percentage of dry matter and crude protein disappearance at 12, 24, and 48 hours of incubation had significant differences among the experiment.
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