اثر هیدروژل سوپرجاذب بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب ذرت دانه‎ای تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

محورهای موضوعی : بوم شناسی گیاهان زراعی

داود خدادادی دهکردی ¹ (گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
سید امیر شمس‎نیا ² (باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران)
اصلان اگدرنژاد ³ (گروه علوم و مهندسی آب، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/05/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/02/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/03/01

کلید واژه: تنش آبی, پلیمر فراجاذب, ذخیره&lrm, سازی آب, کم&lrm, آبیاری,

چکیده مقاله :

کم‎آبیاری یک راه کار بهینه‎سازی تولید محصول در شرایط تنش آبی است. همچنین، هیدروژل سوپرجاذب، پلیمری آب دوست با قابلیت نگهداری مقادیر زیاد آب در خود می باشد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف هیدروژل سوپرجاذب از نوع سوپر آب آ 200 بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت رقم سینگل کراس 704 تحت تنش خشکی صورت پذیرفت. این آزمایش به صورت کرت‎های خرد شده بر پایه بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در خاک شنی در منطقه حمیدیه خوزستان انجام شد. در این پژوهش میزان آب آبیاری به عنوان تیمار اصلی شامل 100، 75 و 50% نیاز آبی گیاه و هیدروژل سوپرجاذب به عنوان تیمار فرعی شامل 0 (شاهد)، 15، 30 و 45 گرم بر متر مربع در نظر گرفته شدند. با افزایش تنش خشکی، عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب ذرت دانه‎ای کاهش معنی‎داری داشت. تأثیر تنش خشکی از طریق کاهش شاخص سطح برگ و اختلال در روند جذب و انتقال عناصر غذایی بود که در نهایت منجر به کاهش عرضه مواد پرورده و کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد شد. در نهایت نتیجه‎گیری شد که هیدروژل سوپرجاذب بر ذخیره‎سازی آب و مواد غذایی و رهاسازی آنها در شرایط تنش خشکی مؤثر است و به طور معنی‎داری از کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد محصول جلوگیری می‎کند. توصیه می شود از تیمار تأمین 75% نیاز آبی گیاه به علاوه کاربرد 45 گرم در متر مربع سوپرجاذب جهت کشت ذرت در شرایط آب و هوایی خوزستان استفاده گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Deficit irrigation is a technique for optimizing crop production under drought stress conditions. The superabsorbent hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymer being able to absorb and retain a large amount of water. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different rates of Super AB A 200 superabsorbent hydrogel on yield and yield components of corn cv SC704 under drought stress. The experiment carried out in split plot based on a randomized block design in Hamidieh region, Khuzestan province, Iran. In this study, three different depths of irrigation were considered as the main plot including 100, 75 and 50% of water requirement of plants respectively and different levels of superabsorbent were used as sub-plot including 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 g/m2, respectively. Increasing drought stress led to significant loss of yield, yield components and decrement in water use efficiency of corn The effect of drought stress was determined by decreasing leaf surface area index, disruption of nutrients uptake and transfer, which ultimately led to a decrease in the supply of nutrients, yield and yield components. Finally, it was concluded that superabsorbent hydrogel is effective in retaining water and nutrients and releasing them under drought stress conditions and significantly prevents the decline of yield and yield components. It is recommended to use 75% of plant water requirement and 45 g/m2 superabsorbent for corn cultivation under Khuzestan province climate conditions.  

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