Study on the Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluid Based on Aircraft De/Anti-Icing Fluid at Low Temperatures

Subject Areas : meso/micro/nano fabrication

Nasim  Nayebpashaee ¹ (Department of Metallurgy and Mechanical Engineering,Technology and Engineering Research Center, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, Iran)

Received: 2022-05-26 Accepted : 2022-09-17 Published : 2023-06-01

Keywords: Aircraft De/Anti-Icing Fluid, Concentration Effect, Hybrid Nanofluids, Dynamic Viscosity, Low Temperatures, Thermal conductivity,

Abstract :

This work involves an experimental study of the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids of TiO2 and graphene in a binary mixture of water and ethylene glycol. Hybrid nanofluid samples with different volume fractions (0.05-2.5%) were prepared by dispersing equal volumes of TiO2 and graphene nanoparticles in a binary mixture of water and ethylene glycol in the ratio of 50-50% by volume. The thermal conductivity, surface tension, and dynamic viscosity of the hybrid nanofluids were measured at temperatures ranging from 253 K to 303 K. The experimental results showed that the low concentration samples exhibited shear thinning non-Newtonian behavior, while the high concentration samples exhibited shear thickening non-Newtonian behavior. The measurements showed that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids increases by up to 41.93% with increasing nanoparticle concentration and temperature. The surface tension improves by 43.61%, 39.77%, and 51.98% at concentrations of 2.5%, 2%, and 2% by volume at temperatures of 258.15 K, 268.15 K, and 283.15 K, respectively. In terms of aircraft deicing fluid performance, the addition of TiO2 and graphene nanoparticles at less than 0.5% by volume contributes to the improvement of aircraft deicing fluid performance.

References:

• Yu, W., Xie, H., A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications, Journal of Nanomaterials, Vol. 2012, 2012, DOI: 10.1155/2012/435873.


• Sundar, L. S., Sharma, K. V., Singh, M. K., and Sousa, A. C. M., Hybrid Nanofluids Preparation, Thermal Properties, Heat Transfer and Friction Factor–a Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 68, No. 2016, 2017, pp. 185–198, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.108.


• Patra, A. K., Nayak, M. K., and Misra, A., Viscosity of Nanofluids-A Review, Int. J. of Thermofluid Science and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2020, pp. 070202, DOI: 10.36963/ijtst.2020070202.


• Sajid, M.U., Ali, H. M., Thermal Conductivity of Hybrid Nanofluids: A Critical Review, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 126, 2018, pp. 211–234, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.05.021.


• Sarkar, J., Ghosh, P., and Adil, A., A Review on Hybrid Nanofluids: Recent Research, Development and Applications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 43, 2015, pp. 164–177, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.023.


• Nayebpashaee, N., Hadavi, S. M. M., Thermal Conductivity and Rheological Studies for Graphene-Al2O3/Ethylene Glycol-Water Hybrid Nanofluid at Low Temperatures, Vol. 73, 2022, pp. 139–160, DOI: 10.4028/p-h9do2u, Trans Tech Publications Ltd.


• Jan, A., Mir, B., and Mir, A. A., Hybrid Nanofluids: An Overview of Their Synthesis and Thermophysical Properties, arXiv, No. 3, 2019.


• Boroomandpour, A., Toghraie, D., and Hashemian, M. A., Comprehensive Experimental Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of a Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Containing MWCNTs-Titania-Zinc Oxide/Water-Ethylene Glycol (80: 20) as Well As Binary and Mono Nanofluids, Synthetic Metals, Vol. 268, No. July, pp. 116501, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116501.


• Alarifi, I. M., Alkouh, A. B., Ali, V., Nguyen, H. M., and Asadi, A., On the Rheological Properties of MWCNT-TiO2/oil Hybrid Nanofluid: An Experimental Investigation on The Effects of Shear Rate, Temperature, And Solid Concentration of Nanoparticles, Powder Technology, Vol. 355, pp. 157–162, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.07.039.


• Transport Canada, Guidelines for Aircraft Ground Icing Operations (Chapter 13), 2005, pp. 74.


• Federal Aviation Administration, Advisory Circular (AC No. 00-6B), No. January, 2016, pp. 213, DOI: AFS-800 AC 91-97.


• Thomas, S. K., Cassoni, R. P., and MacArthur, C. D., Aircraft Anti-Icing and De-Icing Techniques and Modeling, Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 33, No. 5, 1996, pp. 841–854, DOI: 10.2514/3.47027.


• Riley, J., Underwood, W., and Pugacz, E., The FAA Ground Icing Research Program, In45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit 2007 Jan 8 (pp. 694), Vol. 12, No. January, 2007, pp. 8575–8591.


• ICAO, Manual of Aircraft Ground De-Icing / Anti-Icing Operations, 2000, pp. 1.


• Goraj, Z., An Overview of The Deicing and Anti-Icing Technologies with Prospects for The Future, In 24th International Congress of The Aeronautical Sciences, 29 August - 3 Sept., 2004, pp. 1–11.


• Aminian, E., Ahmadi, B., Numerical Investigation on Heat Transfer and Performance Number of Nanofluid Flow inside a Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Filled with Porous Media, International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 11, No. 4, 2018, pp. 31–46.


• Apmann, K., Fulmer, R., Soto, A., and Vafaei, S., Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity: Review and Optimization of Effects of Nanoparticles, Materials, Vol. 14, No. 5, 2021, pp. 1–75, DOI: 10.3390/ma14051291.


• Nourbakhsh, A., Sadeghi, A. R., Numerical Study of the Flow Field and Heat Transfer of a Non-Newtonian Magnetic Nanofluid in A Vertical Channel Affected by A Magnetic Field. International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 15, No. 2, 2022, pp. 105-118, DOI: 10.30495/admt.2022.1939334.1312.Biographical.


• Nayebpashaee, N., Hadavi, S. M. M., Thermal Conductivity and Surface Tension of Graphene–Al2O3/Ethylene Glycol–Water Hybrid Nanofluid at Sub-Zero Temperatures: An Experimental Study. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, No. 0123456789, 2022, pp. 13–15, 2022, DOI:1007/s10973-022-11587-y.


• Talebi, M., Tabibian, M., Magnetic Field Effect on Ferro-Nanofluid Heat Transfer in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Seven Twisted Oval Tubes, International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 15, No. 2, 2022, pp. 39–48, DOI:10.30495/admt.2022.1937049.1300.


• Davoudi, A., Daneshmand, S., Monfared, V., and Mohammadzadeh, K., Numerical Simulation on Heat Transfer of Nanofluid in Conical Spiral Heat Exchanger, Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, an International Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2021, pp. 52-63, DOI: 10.1504/PCFD.2021.112620.


• Bozorgan, N., Shafahi, M., Evaluation of γ-Al2O3/n-decane Nanofluid Performance in Shell and Tube Heat Recovery Exchanger in a Biomass Heating Plant. International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 9, No. 2, 2016, pp. 69-77.


• Malekzadeh, A., Pouranfard, A. R., Hatami, N., Kazemnejad Banari, A., and Rahimi, M. R., Experimental Investigations on The Viscosity of Magnetic Nanofluids Under the Influence of Temperature, Volume Fractions of Nanoparticles and External Magnetic Field, Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 2016, pp. 693–697, DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jafm.68.225.24022.


• Najafi, M., Najafi, M., Experimental and Analytical Study of Aluminum-oxide Nanofluid Implication for Cooling System of an Amphibious Engine, International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, pp. 51-56.


• Demirkır, Ç., Ertürk, H., Rheological and Thermal Characterization of Graphene-Water Nanofluids: Hysteresis Phenomenon, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 149, 2020, pp. 3–11, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119113.


• Rahmati, A., Azizi, T., Mousavi, S., and Zarareh, A., Effects of Slip Boundaries on Mixed Convection of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid in Microcavity, International Journal of Advanced Design & Manufacturing Technology (ADMT Journal), Vol. 8, No. 2, 2015, pp. 47-54.


• Kazemi, I., Sefid, M., and Afrand, M., A Novel Comparative Experimental Study on Rheological Behavior of Mono & Hybrid Nanofluids Concerned Graphene and Silica Nano-Powders: Characterization, Stability and Viscosity Measurements, Powder Technology, Vol. 366, 2020, pp. 216–229, DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.010.


• Yu, W., Xie, H., Chen, L., and Li, Y., Investigation of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Ethylene Glycol Based ZnO Nanofluid, Thermochimica Acta, Vol. 491, No. 1–2, 2009, pp. 92–96, DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2009.03.007.


• Banisharif, A., Aghajani, M., Van Vaerenbergh, S., Estellé, P., and Rashidi, A., Thermophysical Properties of Water Ethylene Glycol (WEG) mixture-based Fe3O4 nanofluids at low Concentration and Temperature, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 302, 2020, pp. 112606, DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112606.


• Standard, SAE Aerospace, Standard Test Method for Aerodynamic Acceptance of SAE AMS 1424 and SAE AMS 1428 Aircraft Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids, AS5900 Rev. A., 2017.


• Kilfrost, Kilfrost ABC-3, No. 1907, 2015.


• Salih, N., Salimon, J., and Yousif, E., The Physicochemical and Tribological Properties of Oleic Acid Based Triester Biolubricants, Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2011, pp. 1089–1096, DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.03.025.


• Lide, D. R., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (Vol. 85). ed., 2004. pp. 2313–2314.


• Owen, M. S., ASHRAE Handbook: Fundamentals, Vol. 30329, No. 404, 2009.


• Sayah, A., Habelhames, F., Bahloul, A., Nessark, B., Bonnassieux, Y., Tendelier, D., and El Jouad, M., Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline-Exfoliated Graphene Composite Films and Their Capacitance Properties, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 818, No. April, 2018, pp. 26–34, DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.04.016.


• Siburian, R., Sihotang, H., Raja, S. L., Supeno, M., and Simanjuntak, C., New Route to Synthesize of Graphene Nano Sheets. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 34, No. 1, 2018, pp. 182–187, DOI: 10.13005/ojc/340120.


• Shelke, P. D., Rajbhoj, A. S., Nimase, M. S., Tikone, G. A., Zaware, B. H., and Jadhav, S. S., An Efficient, Solvent Free One Pot Synthesis of Tetrasubstitued Imidazoles Catalyzed by Nanocrystalline Γ-Alumina, Orient. J. Chem., Vol. 32, No. 4, 2016, pp. 2007–2014, DOI: 10.13005/ojc/320427.


• Sifontes, Á. B., et al., Preparation of Functionalized Porous Nano-γ-Al2O3 Powders Employing Colophony Extract, Biotechnol. Reports, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2014, pp. 21–29, DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2014.07.001.


• Khodadadi Darban, A., Kianinia, Y., and Taheri-Nassaj, E., Synthesis of Nano-Alumina Powder from Impure Kaolin and Its Application for Arsenite Removal from Aqueous Solutions, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Vol. 11, No. 1, 2013, pp. 1-11, DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-11-19.


• Rubbi, F., Das, L., Habib, K., Aslfattahi, N., Saidur, R., and Rahman, M. T., State-Of-The-Art Review on Water-Based Nanofluids for Low Temperature Solar Thermal Collector Application, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 230, 2021, pp. 111220, DOI: 10.1016/J.SOLMAT.2021.111220.


• Xian, H. W., Sidik, N. A., and Saidur, R., Impact of Different Surfactants and Ultrasonication Time on The Stability and Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Nanofluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 110, 2020, pp.104389, DOI: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.104389.


• Rubbi, F., Habib, K., Saidur, R., Aslfattahi, N., Yahya, S. M., and Das, L., Performance Optimization of a Hybrid PV/T Solar System Using Soybean Oil/MXene Nanofluids as A New Class of Heat Transfer Fluids, Solar Energy, Vol. 208, No. July, pp. 124–138, 2020, DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.07.060.


• Kulkarni, D. P., Das, D. K., and Chukwu, G. A., Temperature Dependent Rheological Property of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Suspension (Nanofluid), Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2006, pp. 1150–1154, DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2006.187.


• Sha, X., Yu, K., Cao, H., and Qian, K., Shear Thickening Behavior of Nanoparticle Suspensions with Carbon Nanofillers, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Vol. 15, No. 7, 2013, pp. 1-11, DOI: 10.1007/s11051-013-1816-x.


• Mahbubul, I. M., Saidur, R., and Amalina, M. A., Latest Developments on The Viscosity of Nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 55, No. 4, 2012, pp. 874–885, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.10.021.


• Zhao, N., Li, Z., Experiment and Artificial Neural Network Prediction of Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity for Alumina-Water Nanofluids, Materials, Vol. 10, No. 5, 2017, pp. 552, DOI: 10.3390/ma10050552.


• Chen, H., Ding, Y., and Tan, C., Rheological Behaviour of Nanofluids, New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, 2007, pp. 367, DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/10/367.


• Lenin, R., Joy, P. A., and Bera, C., A Review of The Recent Progress on Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluid, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 338, 2021, pp. 116929, DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116929.


• Bhuiyan, M. H., Saidur, R., Amalina, M. A., Mostafizur, R. M., and Islam, A. K., Effect of Nanoparticles Concentration and Their Sizes on Surface Tension of Nanofluids, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 105, No. Icte 2014, pp. 431–437, 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.030.


• Tanvir, S., Qiao, L., Surface Tension of Nanofluid-Type Fuels Containing Suspended Nanomaterials, Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 7, No.1, 2012, pp. 1-10, DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-226.


• Zhu, D. S., Wu, S. Y., and Wang, N., Surface Tension and Viscosity of Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids, In AIP (American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings) Mar 1, Vol. 1207, No. 1, 2010, pp. 460-464, DOI: 10.1063/1.3366409.