Effect of Adding a Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Damper to A Sled Sample and Extraction of Its Equivalent Stiffness and Damping
Subject Areas :
vibration and control
Mohammad Reza Najafi
1
,
Saied Mahjoub Moghadas
2
1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Imam Hossein comprehensive, Iran
2 - Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Imam Hossein comprehensive, Iran
Received: 2021-09-07
Accepted : 2021-11-26
Published : 2023-03-01
Keywords:
Equivalent damping,
Sled test,
Damper,
Equivalent stiffness,
Natural frequency,
Abstract :
Protection of sled systems from destructive vibrations is inevitably under attraction due to the importance of sled testing in the aerospace industry. A pair of SBR dampers were used between the slipper and the sled body to reduce vertical vibrations, so a design of the sled model was studied. Both equivalent stiffness and equivalent damping of the sled system were obtained to reduce the transmission of vibrations from slippers to the body. A combination of analytical, numerical and experimental test methods was utilized and the results were validated. The stiffness values of 370500 and 391000 N⁄m were obtained from numerical and experimental measurements, respectively. Finally, by designing the sled model, first and second natural frequencies of 12.49 and 19.56 Hz and mode shapes of the sled system were obtained. The results show that the dampers used in the sled have an important role in reducing the transmission of vibrations to the sled body by withstanding the tension and pressure on the slippers.
References:
DeLeon, A., Palazotto, A. N., Shock Wave Investigation of High Speed Asperity Collision with Finite Element Modeling (January), 2020, pp. 1–20, Doi: 10.2514/6.2020-0316.
Liu, J., Wang, W., and Zhao, F., Analysis of Wear for a Rocket Sled Slipper, MS&E, Vol. 398, No. 1, 12017, 2018.
Gallon, J. C., Clark, I. G., Rivellini, T. P., and Adams, D. S., Witkowski A: Low Density Supersonic Decelerator Parachute Decelerator System, AIAA Aerodyn Decelerator Syst Conf, 2013, (March), 2013, pp. 1–14, Doi: 10.2514/6.2013-1329.
Zhu, Y., Zhao, X., and Zhang, S., Computational Studies of Aircraft Life-Support Systems (January), 2011, pp. 1–16, Doi: 10.2514/6.2011-1045.
Liu, Jun., Zhao, H., Gu, K., and Wang, W., An Analysis of Dynamic Response of a Rocket Sled. DEStech Trans Comput Sci Eng (aiea), 2017, pp. 956–67, Doi: 10.12783/dtcse/aiea2017/15034.
Connell, T. L., Santi, S. A., Risha, G. A., Muller, B. A., and Batzel, T. D., Experiment and Semi-Empirical Modeling of Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Performance, 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Jt Propuls Conf Exhib (August), 2009, pp. 1–12.
Doig, G., Barber, T. J., Leonardi, E., Neely, A. J., Kleine, H., and Coton, F., Aerodynamics of a Supersonic Projectile in Proximity to a Solid Surface, AIAA J, Vol. 48, No. 12, 2010, pp. 2916–30, Doi: 10.2514/1.J050505.
Boardman, B., Uber, R., Baker, W., and Palazotto, A. N., Modeling Nonlinear Heat Transfer for Pin-on-Disc Sliding System, (January), 2020, pp. 1–22, Doi: 10.2514/6.2020-0973.
Rodney, D., Gadot, B., Martinez, O., du Roscoat, S., Orge ´as L Reversible Dilatancy in Entangled Single-Wire Materials, Vol. 15, 2016, pp. 72–78.
Tang, R. Y., Finite Element Structural Analysis of a Machine Gun Based on ANSYS, Nanjing Univ Sci Technol, 2007, pp. 17–37.
Gao, W., Kessissoglou, N. J., Dynamic Response Analysis of Stochastic Truss Structures under Non-stationary Random Excitation using the Random Factor Method, Comput Methods Appl Mech Engrgy, Vol. 196, 2007, pp. 2765–73.
Gerasimov, S. I., Erofeev, V. I., Calculation of Flexural-and-Torsional Vibrations of a Rocket Track Rail, J Mach Manuf Reliab, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2016, pp. 211–3.
Liu, J., Wang, W., Zhao, F., and Gong, M., Comparison of Two Rocket Sled Slipper Materials for Resistance to Wear, AIP Conf Proc 1890(October), 2017, Doi: 10.1063/1.5005321.
Hale, C. S., Palazotto, A. N., and Baker, W. P., Engineering Approach for The Evaluation of Mechanical Wear Considering the Experimental Holloman High-Speed Test Track, J Eng Mech, Vol. 138, No. 9, 2012, pp. 1127–40, Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000409.
Shockley, J. A., Zetterstrom, S., 50 Years of The Central Inertial and GPS Test Facility, US Air Force T E Days 2009 (February), 2009, pp. 1–32, Doi: 10.2514/6.2009-1724.
Zhang, J., Dynamic Coupling Analysis of Rocket Propelled Sled Using Multibody-Finite Element Method, Vol. 18, No. 4, 2014, pp. 25–30.
Deleon, A., Baker, W. P., and Palazotto, A. N., Evaluation of a Nonlinear Melt Region Produced Within a High Speed Environment, AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf 2018 (210049), 2018, pp. 1–17, Doi: 10.2514/6.2018-0187.
Xiao, J., Zhang, W., Xue, Q., Gao, W., and Zhang, L., Modal Analysis for Single Track Sled (Pmsms), 2018.
Hooser, M., Soft Sled – The Low Vibration Sled Test Capability at The Holloman High Speed Test Track, 2018 Aerodyn Meas Technol Gr Test Conf (February), 2018, pp. 1–12, Doi: 10.2514/6.2018-3872.
Hooser, M., Hooser, C., Soft Sled Design Evaluation Report, 2016.
Lamb, J. L., Critical Velocities for Rocket Sled Excitation of Rail Resonance, Johns Hopkins APL Tech Dig Applied Phys Lab, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2000, pp. 448–58.
Buentello Hernandez, R. G., Palazotto, A. N., and Le, K. H., 3D Finite Element Modeling of High-Speed Sliding Wear, Collect Tech Pap- AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Struct Struct Dyn Mater Conf, 2013, pp. 1–20.
Turnbull, D., Hooser, C., Hooser, M., and Myers, J., Soft Sled Test Capability at the Holloman High Speed Test Track. US Air Force T&E Days, 2010.
Bahadar, A., Zwawi, M., Development of SWCNTs-Reinforced EPDM/SBR Matrices for Shock Absorbing Applications, Mater Res Express, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2020, pp. 025310, Doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/AB71CE.
Liu, F., Zheng, M., Liu, X., Ding, X., Wang, F., and Wang, Q., Performance Evaluation of Waterborne Epoxy Resin-SBR Composite Modified Emulsified Asphalt Fog Seal, Constr Build Mater, Vol. 301, 2021, pp. 124106.
Yang, L., Wang, L., Guo, H., and Du, A., Compressive Fatigue Behavior of Gum and Filled SBR Vulcanizates. Polymers (Basel), Vol. 13, No. 9, 2021, pp. 1497.
Gil, A., Huang, A., Madrid, P., and Jiménez, L., Analysis of SBR Polymer Adapted to an Automobile Damping System, Journal of Undergraduate Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015.
Fu, Y., Kabir, I. I., Yeoh, G. H., and Peng, Z., A Review on Polymer-Based Materials for Underwater Sound Absorption, Polym Test, 2021, pp. 107115.
Akyüz, S., Dari, M. E., Esiyok, Y. E., and Ermeydan, M. A., Effects of NR/SBR Ratio on Mechanical Properties and Artificial Mechanical Performance of Anti-Vibration Bushings, Iran Polym J, Vol. 30, No. 12, 2021, pp. 1317–28.
Dudea-Simon, M., Dudea, S. M., Schiau, C., Ciortea, R., Mualuțan, A., Simon, V., Burde, A., Ciurea, A., and Mihu, D., Inter-and Intraobserver Reproducibility of Strain and 2D Shear Wave Elastography--a Phantom Study, Med Ultrason, 2021.
Krmela, J., Material input for tire simulation, 2019.
Asme, A., Ahs, A., Structures ASC, A01-25011 (c), 2001.
Pinsker, W., Structural Damping, J Aeronaut Sci, 1949, pp. 699.
Ungar, E. E., The Status of Engineering Knowledge Concerning the Damping of Built-Up Structures, J Sound Vib, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1973, pp. 141–54, Doi: 10.1016/S0022-460X(73)80210-X.
Scanlan, R. H., Mendelson, A., Structural Damping, AIAA J, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1963, pp. 938–9, Doi: 10.2514/3.1684.
Singiresu, S. R., and et al., Mechanical Vibrations, Addison Wesley Boston, Reading, MA, 1958.
Chakraborty, Bikash Chandra Ratna, D., Polymer for Vibration Damping Appliction, 2020, pp. 348.
Lazan, B. J., Damping of Materials and Members In Structural Mechanics, Pergamon Press LTD, Oxford, England, 1968, pp. 317.
Orban, F., Damping of Materials and Members in Structures, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 268, 2011, pp. 12022.
Al-Gahtany, S. A., Mechanical Properties oof Styrene Butadiene Rubber-/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber-Based Conductive Blends, J Elastomers Plast, Vol. 45, No. 4, 2013, pp. 367–89, Doi: 10.1177/0095244312454035.
Mohseni, A., Shakouri, M., Natural Frequency, Damping and Forced Responses of Sandwich Plates with Viscoelastic Core and Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Face Sheets, JVC/Journal Vib Control, Vol. 26, No. 15–16, 2020, pp. 1165–77, Doi: 10.1177/1077546319893453.
Schramm, G., A Practical Approach to Rheology and Rheometry, Hardcover – Illustrated, January 1, 1994.
Riande, E., Díaz-Calleja, R., Prolongo, M. G., Masegosa, R. M., and Salom, C., Polymer Viscoelasticity : Stress and Strain In Practice, Boca Raton, 2014, pp. 904, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482293241.
Bahadar, A., Zwawi, M., Development of SWCNTs-Reinforced EPDM/SBR Matrices for Shock Absorbing Applications, Mater Res Express, Vol. 7, No. 2, 2020, pp. 25310.
Araujo-Morera, J., Hernández Santana, M., Verdejo, R., and López-Manchado, M. A., Giving a Second Opportunity to Tire Waste: an Alternative Path for the Development of Sustainable Self-Healing Styrene-Butadiene Rubber Compounds Overcoming the Magic Triangle of Tires, Polymers (Basel), Vol. 11, No. 122019, pp. 2122.
McKeen, L. W., The Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers, William Andrew, Hardcover ISBN: 9780128164570, 2019.
Schaefer, R. J., Mechanical Properties of Rubber, Harris’ Shock Vib Handbook, Sixth Ed A Piersol, T Paez (Eds), McGraw-Hill Co Inc, 2010, pp. 31–3.
Mondal, D., Ghorai, S., Rana, D., De, D., and Chattopadhyay, D., The Rubber--Filler Interaction and Reinforcement in Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Devulcanize Natural Rubber Composites with Silica--Graphene Oxide, Polym Compos, Vol. 40, S2, 2019, E1559-E1572.
Chakraborty, B. C., Ratna, D., Polymers for Vibration Damping Applications. Elsevier, Paperback ISBN: 9780128192528, 2020.
Praveen, S., Chattopadhyay, P. K., Jayendran, S., Chakraborty, B. C., and Chattopadhyay, S., Effect of Nanoclay on The Mechanical and Damping Properties of Aramid Short Fibre-Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites, Polym Int, Vol. 59, No. 2, 2010, pp. 187–97.
