Micro-Finite Element Model to Investigate the Mechanical Stimuli in Scaffolds Fabricated via Space Holder Technique for Cancellous Bone

Subject Areas : composite materials

Sayed Alireza Hashemi ¹ , Saeid Esmaeili ² , Mazyar Ghadirinejad ³ , Saeed Saber-Samandari ⁴ , Erfan Sheikhbahaei ⁵ , Alireza Kordjamshidi ⁶ , Amirsalar Khandan ⁷

1 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran
2 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr/Isfahan, Iran
3 - Industrial Engineering Department, Girne American University, Kyrenia, Turkey
4 - New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
5 - Student research committee, school of medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
6 - Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa, TRNC via Mersin 10, Turkey
7 - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

Received: 2019-05-13 Accepted : 2019-10-17 Published : 2020-03-01

Keywords: hydroxyapatite, Bone Scaffold, Finite Element Analysis, Computational and Laboratory Analysis, Bio-Nanocomposites,

Abstract :

In Osteoporosis, bone mechanical strength decreases and as a result, the risk of bone fracture increases. Osteoporosis is also referred as a "silent illness" since it usually develops asymptomatic until it breaks a long bone, like the femur. In recent years, porous scaffolds have been utilized to repair damaged bone tissue. For bone tissue engineering, synthetic scaffolds should have acceptable mechanical properties, in addition to the required biological properties. In this regard, the finite element simulation is used to predict the mechanical properties of porous bone scaffolds as one of the most common methods for reducing the experimental tests, because the acquisition of mechanical properties of such scaffolds is very time-consuming and expensive. Due to the widespread use of hydroxyapatite (HA) in the manufacture of bone scaffold composites, the mechanical properties of HA-wollastonite scaffold composites are obtained by laboratory tests and finite element methods. Comparison of the simulation of finite element analysis (FEA) and the experimental results indicate the success of the FEA simulation. In conclusion, new finding satisfied expectations as being suitable for mechanical and biomaterial aspect of a porous scaffold which is proven by laboratory tests and FEA simulations. Due to that fact, the result of this study can be employed to obtain scaffolds well-suited for bone implementations.

References:

[1]     Imani, S. M., Rabiee, S. M., Moazami Goudarzi, A., and Dardel, M., Investigation of The Mechanical Properties of the Porous Scaffolds Used in Bone Tissue Engineering by Means of Micromechanical Modeling, Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 17, No. 9, 2017, pp. 397-408.

[2]     Sahmani, S., Saber-Samandari, S., Khandan, A., and Aghdam, M. M., Influence of Mgo Nanoparticles On the Mechanical Properties of Coated Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Scaffolds Produced Via Space Holder Technique: Fabrication, Characterization and Simulation, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2019.

[3]     Khandan, A., Ozada, N., Saber-Samandari, S., and Nejad, M. G., On the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Bredigite-Magnetite (Ca7mgsi4o16-Fe3o4) Nanocomposite Scaffolds. Ceramics International, Vol. 44, No. 3, 2018, pp. 3141-3148.

[4]     Kordjamshidi, A., Saber-Samandari, S., Nejad, M. G., and Khandan, A., Preparation of Novel Porous Calcium Silicate Scaffold Loaded by Celecoxib Drug Using Freeze Drying Technique: Fabrication, Characterization and Simulation. Ceramics International, Vol. 45, No. 11, 2019, 14126-14135.

[5]     Ozada, N., Yazdi, S. G., Khandan, A., and Karimzadeh, M., A Brief Review of Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis: Arthroplasty, Complications, Revisions, and Development. Trauma Monthly, Vol. 23, No. 3, 2018.

[6]     Sahmani, S., Shahali, M., Khandan, A., Saber-Samandari, S., and Aghdam, M. M., Analytical and Experimental Analyses for Mechanical and Biological Characteristics of Novel Nanoclay Bio-Nanocomposite Scaffolds Fabricated Via Space Holder Technique, Applied Clay Science, Vol. 165, 2018, pp. 112-123.

[7]     Sahmani, S., Saber-Samandari, S., Shahali, M., Yekta, H. J., Aghadavoudi, F., Montazeran, A. H., and Khandan, A., Mechanical and Biological Performance of Axially Loaded Novel Bio-Nanocomposite Sandwich Plate-Type Implant Coated by Biological Polymer Thin Film. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Mmaterials, Vol. 88, 2018, pp. 238-250.

[8]     Sahmani, S., Shahali, M., Nejad, M. G., Khandan, A., Aghdam, M. M., and Saber-Samandari, S., Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles On Electrical Conductivity and Cell Viability of Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds with Improved Mechanical Strength for Bone Tissue Engineering, The European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 134, No. 1, 2019, pp. 7.

[9]     Aghdam, H. A., Sheikhbahaei, E., Hajihashemi, H., Kazemi, D., and Andalib, A., The Impacts of Internal Versus External Fixation for Tibial Fractures with Simultaneous Acute Compartment Syndrome, European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2019, pp. 183-187.

[10] Mousavi, H., Mohammadi, M., and Aghdam, H. A., Injury to the Infrapatellar Branch of the Saphenous Nerve During ACL Reconstruction with Hamstring Tendon Autograft: A Comparison between Oblique and Vertical Incisions. Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2018, pp. 52.

[11] Rouhani, A., Elmi, A., Aghdam, H. A., Panahi, F., and Ghafari, Y. D., The Role of Fibular Fixation in The Treatment of Tibia Diaphysis Distal Third Fractures, Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Surgery and Research, Vol. 98, No. 8, 2012, 868-872.

[12] Rouhani, A., Zonooz, K. A., and Aghdam, H. A., An Unusual Cause of Bilateral Anterior Shoulder Dislocation, Pak J Med Sci, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2010, pp. 976-77.

[13] Ghayour, H., Abdellahi, M., Nejad, M. G., Khandan, A., and Saber-Samandari, S., Study of The Effect of the Zn 2+ Content On the Anisotropy and Specific Absorption Rate of the Cobalt Ferrite: The Application of Co 1− X Zn X Fe 2 O 4 Ferrite for Magnetic Hyperthermia. Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, Vol. 54, No. 2, 2018, pp. 223-230.

[14] Esmaeili, S., Shahali, M., Kordjamshidi, A., Torkpoor, Z., Namdari, F., Samandari, S. S., and Khandan, A., An Artificial Blood Vessel Fabricated by 3d Printing for Pharmaceutical Application, Nanomedicine Journal, Vol. 6, No. 3, 2019, pp. 183-194.

[15] Maghsoudlou, M. A., Isfahani, R. B., Saber-Samandari, S., and Sadighi, M., Effect of Interphase, Curvature and Agglomeration of Swcnts on Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites: Experimental and Numerical Investigations, Composites Part B: Engineering, 107119, 2019.

[16] Lee, S. H., Lee, K. G., Hwang, J. H., Cho, Y. S., Lee, K. S., Jeong, H. J., and Lee, B. K., Evaluation of Mechanical Strength and Bone Regeneration Ability of 3d Printed Kagome-Structure Scaffold Using Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2019.

[17] Doyle, H., Lohfeld, S., and McHugh, P., Predicting The Elastic Properties of Selective Laser Sintered Pcl/Β-Tcp Bone Scaffold Materials Using Computational Modelling, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 42, No. 3, 2014, pp. 661-677.

[18] Eshraghi, S., Das, S., Micromechanical Finite-Element Modeling and Experimental Characterization of the Compressive Mechanical Properties of Polycaprolactone–Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds Prepared by Selective Laser Sintering for Bone Tissue Engineering, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 8, No. 8, 2012, pp. 3138-3143.

[19] Son, D., Mehboob, H., and Chang, S., Simulation of the Bone Healing Process of Fractured Long Bones Applied with a Composite Bone Plate with Consideration of the Blood Vessel, Journal of Composites: Part B, Vol. 58, 2013, pp. 443-450.

[20] Spiridon, I., Tanase, C. E., Design, Characterization and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of New Lignin-Pla Biocomposites, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 114, 2018, pp. 855-863.

[21] Akram, M., Ahmed, R., Shakir, I., Ibrahim, W. A. W., and Hussain, R., Extracting Hydroxyapatite and Its Precursors from Natural Resources, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 49, No. 4, 2014, pp. 1461-1475.

[22] Bahrololoom, M. E., Javidi, M., Javadpour, S., and Ma, J., Characterisation of Natural Hydroxyapatite Extracted from Bovine Cortical Bone Ash, J. Ceram. Process. Res, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2009, pp. 129-138.

[23] Karamian, E., Motamedi, M. R. K., Khandan, A., Soltani, P., and Maghsoudi, S., An in Vitro Evaluation of Novel Nha/Zircon Plasma Coating On 316l Stainless Steel Dental Implant, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2014, pp. 150-156.

[24] Farazin, A., Akbari Aghdam, H., Motififard, M., Aghdavoudi, F., Kordjamshidi, A., Saber-Samandari, S., Esmaeili, and S., Khandan, A., A Polycaprolactone Bio-Nanocomposite Bone Substitute Fabricated for Femoral Fracture Approaches: Molecular Dynamic and Micro-Mechanical Investigation, Journal of Nanoanalysis, doi: 10.22034/jna.2019.584848.1134, 2019.

[25] Ayatollahi, M. R., Moghimi Monfared, R., and Barbaz Isfahani, R., Experimental Investigation On Tribological Properties of Carbon Fabric Composites: Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Nano-Silica, Proceedings of the institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications, Vol. 233, No. 5, 2019, pp. 874-884.

[26] Monfared, R. M., Ayatollahi, M. R., and Isfahani, R. B., Synergistic Effects of Hybrid Mwcnt/Nanosilica On the Tensile and Tribological Properties of Woven Carbon Fabric Epoxy Composites, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 96, 2018, pp. 272-284.

[27] Ayatollahi, M. R., Barbaz Isfahani, R., and Moghimi Monfared, R., Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Nanosilica On Tensile Properties of Woven Carbon Fabric-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using VARIM, Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 51, No. 30, 2017, pp. 4177-4188.

[28] Moradi-Dastjerdi, R., Aghadavoudi, F., Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Nanocomposite Sandwich Plates Reinforced by Defected CNT, Composite Structures, Vol. 200, 2018, pp. 839-848.

[29] Aghadavoudi, F., Golestanian, H., and Tadi Beni, Y., Investigating The Effects of Cnt Aspect Ratio and Agglomeration On Elastic Constants of Crosslinked Polymer Nanocomposite Using Multiscale Modeling, Polymer Composites, Vol. 39, No. 12, 2018, pp. 4513-4523.

[30] Aghadavoudi, F., Golestanian, H., and Zarasvand, K. A., Elastic Behaviour of Hybrid Cross-Linked Epoxy-Based Nanocomposite Reinforced with Gnp and Cnt: Experimental and Multiscale Modelling, Polymer Bulletin, Vol. 76, No. 8, 2019, pp. 4275-4294.

[31] Moradi‐Dastjerdi, R., Payganeh, G., and Tajdari, M., Thermoelastic Analysis of Functionally Graded Cylinders Reinforced by Wavy Cnt Using a Mesh‐Free Method, Polymer Composites, Vol. 39, No. 7, 2018, pp. 2190-2201.