Effect of the Number of Welding Passes on the Microstructure and Wear Behavior of St52 Plain Carbon Steel Coated with a High Chromium-Carbon Electrode

Subject Areas : welding

Mohsen  Barmaki ¹ (Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran)
Kamran  Amini ² (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran)
Farhad  Gharavi ³ (Department of Materials Engineering, Sirjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sirjan, Iran)

Received: 2018-08-11 Accepted : 2018-12-10 Published : 2019-03-01

Keywords: Hardness, Hard Facing, St52 Plain Carbon Steel, Wear, High Chromium-Carbon Electrode,

Abstract :

This study investigated the effect of the number of welding passes on the microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of St52 plain carbon steel coated with an E10-UM-60R electrode in accordance with the DIN 8555 standard using SMAW method. An optical microscope (OM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used, and an EDS analysis was carried out to examine the microstructure. The Vickers micro hardness test and a reciprocating wear test were also used to examine the hardness and wear resistance. The results showed that the structure on the surface of the coated specimens is consisted of M7C3 carbides in the eutectic field (). In addition, the volume fraction of carbides increased in specimens that underwent two passes of welding relative to that in one pass-welded specimen. The reason for this was related to the decreased dilution of iron and increased dilution of chromium in the two-pass welded specimen and an increase in the volume fraction of M7C3 carbides. The increased percentage of carbides in the two-pass welded specimen increased the hardness and consequently the wear resistance relative to those in the one-pass welded specimen in a way that the surface hardness and weight loss in the wear test reached from 780 HV and 3.7 mg in the one-pass welded specimen to 910 HV and 2.5 mg in the two-pass welded specimen. Moreover, examining the wear surfaces indicated the occurrence of an adhesive wear mechanism in the specimens in a way that the adhesive wear rate decreased in the two-pass welded specimens.

References:

[1]     Amini, K., Bahrami, A., and Sabet, H., Evaluation of Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Iron-based Hard-facing Coatings on the Mo40 Steel, International Journal of ISSI, Vol. 12, No. 1, 2015, pp. 1-8.

[2]     Davis, J. R., Surface Engineering for Corrosion and Wear Resistance, 2001, pp. 530.

[3]     Surker, A. D., Wear of Metals, 2ed Edition, 1993, pp. 133.

[4]     Oliviera, A. S. C., Tigrinho, J. J., and Takeyama, R. R., Coatings Enrichment by Carbide Dissolution, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 202, No. 19, 2008, pp. 4660-4665.

[5]     Kuo, C. W., Fan, C., Wu, S. H., and Wu, W., Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of Hypoeutectic, Eutectic and Hypereutectic (Cr, Fe) 23C6 Carbides in Hardfacing Alloys, Materials Transactions, Vol. 48, No. 9, 2007, pp. 2324-2328.

[6]     Liu, S., Zhou, Y., Xing, X., Wang, J., Yang, Y., and Yang, Q., Agglomeration Model of (Fe, Cr) 7C3 Carbide in Hypereutectic Fe-Cr-C alloy, Materials Letters, Vol. 183, 2016, pp. 272–276.

[7]     Chang, C. M., Chen, Y. C., and Wu, W., Microstructural and Abrasive Characteristics of High Carbon Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Alloy, Tribology International, Vol. 43, No. 5-6, 2010, pp. 929–934.

[8]     Lin, C. M., Chang, C. M., Chen, J. H., Hsieh, C. C., and Wu, W., Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of High-Carbon Cr-Based Alloy Claddings Formed by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Surface & Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, No. 7, 2010, pp. 2590–2596.

[9]     Chang, C. M., Chen, L. H., Lin, C. M., Chen, J. H., Fan, C. M., and Wu, W., Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of Hypereutectic Fe–Cr–C Cladding with Various Carbon Contents, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 205, No. 2, 2010, pp. 245-250.

[10]  Madadi, F., Shamanian, M., and Ashrafizadeh, F., Cladding of Stellite Composite on Carbon Steel by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), International Journal of ISSI, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2009, pp. 34-37.

[11]  Fan, C., Chen, M. C., Chang, C. M., and Wu, W., Microstructure Change Caused by (Cr, Fe) 23C6 Carbides in High Chromium Fe–Cr–C Hardfacing Alloys, Surface and Coating Technology, Vol. 201, No. 3-4, 2006, pp. 908-912.

[12]  Hajiannia, I., Shamanian, M., and Kasiri, M., Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AISI 347 Stainless Steel/A335 Low Alloy Steel Dissimilar Joint Produced by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding, Materials and Design, Vol. 50, 2013, pp. 566-573.

[13]  Kulishenko, B., Balin, A., and Filippov, M., Electrodes for Hardfacing Components Subjected to Abrasive and Impact-Abrasive Effects, Welding International, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2005, pp. 326-329.

[14]  Yildizli, K., Eroglu, M., and Karamis, M. B., Microstructure and Erosive Wear Behavior of Weld Deposits of High Manganese Electrode, Surface & Coating Technology, Vol. 201, No. 16-17, 2007, pp. 7166-7173.

[15]  Coronado, J. J., Caicedo, H. F., and Gomez, A. L., The Effects of Welding Processes on Abrasive Wear Resistance for Hardfacing Deposits, Tribology International, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2009, pp. 745–749.

[16]  Fontalvo, G. A., Humer, R., Mitterer, C., Sammt, K., and Schemmel, I., Microstructural Aspects Determining the Adhesive Wear of Tool Steels, Wear, Vol. 260, No. 9-10, 2006, pp. 1028-1034.

[17]  Bhushan, B., Introduction to Tribology, 1st Edition, New York, NY, 2002.

[18]  Yang, J., Liu, Y., Ye, Z., Yang, D., and He, S., Microstructural and Tribological Characterization of Plasma-and Gas-Nitrided 2Cr13 Steel in Vacuum, Materials & Design, Vol. 32, No. 2, 2011, pp. 808-814.