نقش مدیریت سبز در کاهش استفاده از پلاستیک: یک بررسی سیستماتیک
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و مهندسی شیمی کلیه گرایش هانازنین خاکی پور 1 * , شیوا دهقان آبکنار 2
1 - گروه علوم خاک، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران
2 - Department of Chemistry, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran
کلید واژه: پلاستیک, میکروپلاستیک, تخریب غیر زیستی, تخریب زیستی, انباشت.,
چکیده مقاله :
انباشت زباله های پلاستیکی به عنوان یکی از مهمترین چالشهای زیست محیطی شناخته شده است. تخمین زده میشود تا سال 2015 تقریباً 6300 میلیون تن زباله پلاستیکی تولید شده است که 79 درصد آن در محلهای دفن زباله یا محیط طبیعی انباشته شده است. اقیانوسها بحرانیترین مناطق از لحاظ آلودگی تجمع پلاستیکها به شمار میروند، زیرا میتوانند پلاستیکها را به مناطق دور منتقل کنند. یافتن راه حلهای جایگزین سازگار با محیط زیست، مانند تجزیه زیستی به جای دفع سنتی، از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. تخریب غیرزیستی پلاستیک به طور طبیعی مانند تخریب مکانیکی ناشی از نیروهای جزر و مد، امواج و سایش توسط سنگها اتفاق میافتد. به طور طبیعی، اکسیداسیون در اثر نور، فرآیند هیدرولیز و تخریب مکانیکی میتواند به راحتی منجر به تشکیل قطعات میکرو و نانوپلاستیک شود. هیدرولیز پلاستیک یکی از مراحل اصلی در تخریب غیر زیستی است. در تخریب زیستی، باکتریهای خاک در پاکسازی زیستی آلایندهها کارآمد هستند زیرا با شرایط محیطی متغیر مانند دما، رطوبت، pH و غیره مواجه می شوند. بررسی رفتار فرسایش پلیمرها، مخلوط‌ها، کامپوزیت‌ها و غیره در شرایط مختلف محیطی یک موضوع اولویت‌دار برای ارزیابی کاربردهای احتمالی و تعیین طول عمر آنهاست.
Background and Objectives: Accumulation of plastic waste is known as one of the most important environmental challenges. It is estimated that until 2015, approximately 6300 million tons of plastic waste was produced, 79% of which was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment. Oceans are considered the most critical areas in terms of plastic accumulation pollution, because they can transport plastics to distant areas. Research method: Finding alternative solutions compatible with the environment, such as biodegradation instead of traditional disposal, is of great importance. Findings: Abiotic degradation of plastic occurs naturally like mechanical degradation caused by the forces of tides, waves and wear by rocks. Naturally, oxidation due to light, hydrolysis process and mechanical destruction can easily lead to the formation of micro and nano plastic parts. Plastic hydrolysis is one of the main steps in non-biological degradation. In biodegradation, soil bacteria are efficient in biological cleaning of pollutants because they face changing environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, pH, etc. Conclusion: Investigating the erosion behavior of polymers, mixtures, composites, etc. in different environmental conditions is a priority issue for evaluating possible applications and determining their lifespan.
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