Flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents: A review of their bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach
Subject Areas : Journal of Medicinal Herbs, "J. Med Herb" (Formerly known as Journal of Herbal Drugs or J. Herb Drug)آبیچه ایکالو 1 , جامز داماهابیلاب 2
1 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه آموزش ارتش نیجریه، ایلورین، کوارا، نیجریه
2 - گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم فیزیک، دانشگاه احمدو بلو، زاریا، نیجریه
Keywords: Antifungal, Antibacterial, Flavonoids, anticancer, antioxidant activity,
Abstract :
Background and aim: The aim of the review is to study the bioactivity, chemoprevention and chemotherapy approach of flavonoids as the emerging therapeutic agents. Results: The quickest way of managing health challenges in the developing world is by the uses of herbs. These medicinal plants are known to contain phytochemicals that conferred on them these pharmacological potentials. Among these chemical constituents are the flavonoids which become the emergent therapeutic agents because of their vast pharmacological properties. Among reported activities of plants derived phytochemicals, flavonoids have shown various pharmacological activities. Many flavonoids have shown significant anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Therefore, researches have focused on developing potent bioactive flavonoids. Recent researchers have focused on the development of potent drugs with minimal toxicity for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. The antibacterial activities of flavonoids against a wide range of microorganisms and their radical-scavenging ability are well known and reported. Therefore, one can conclude that flavonoids have actually become emerging therapeutic agents. Recommended applications/industries: In view of the pharmaceutical properties of various flavonoids such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, they could be used in pharmaceutical industries.
Ahmed, S.I., Hayat, M.Q., Tahir, M., Mansoor, Q., Ismail, M., Keck, K. and Bates, R.B. 2016. Pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16: 1–9.
Alghazeer, R., Elmansori, A., Sidati, M., Gammoudi, F., Azwai, S., Naas, H., Garbaj, A. and Eldaghayes, I. 2017. Antibacterial activity of flavonoid extracts of two selected libyan algae against multi-drug resistant bacteria isolated from food products. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 5: 26–48.
Bouarab-Chibane, L., Forquet, V., Lantéri, P., Clément, Y., Léonard-Akkari, L., Oulahal, N., Degraeve, P. and Bordes, C. 2019. Antibacterial properties of polyphenols: characterization and QSAR (Quantitative structure–activity relationship) models. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 1–23.
Capitata, L. 2018. GSC biological and pharmaceutical sciences quantification of flavonoids by UPLC-MS and its antibacterial activity from Brassica. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5: 109–114.
Chen, L., Wei, Y., Zhao, S., Zhang, M., Yan, X., Gao, X., Li, J., Gao, Yutong, Zhang, A. and Gao, Yin. 2018. Antitumor and immunomodulatory activities of total flavonoids extract from persimmon leaves in H22 liver tumor-bearing mice. Scientific Reports, 8:1–11.
Cherukupalli, N., Bhumireddy, S., Akella, S., Sataniya, A., Sripadi, P., Khareedu, V. and Vudem, D. 2017. Phytochemical profiling and in vitro anticancer activity of purified flavonoids of andrographis glandulosa. Planta Medica International Open, 4: e24–e34.
Corradini, E., Foglia, P., Giansanti, P., Gubbiotti, R., Samperi, R. and Laganà, A. 2011. Flavonoids: Chemical properties and analytical methodologies of identification and quantitation in foods and plants. Natural Product Research, 25: 469–495.
Cushnie, T.P.T. and Lamb, A.J. 2005. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 26: 343–356.
Ekalu, A., Ayo, R.G., Habila, J.D. and Hamisu, I. 2019. A Bioactive dihydroflavonol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside from Bracystelma togoense Schtlr. Izmir Democracy University Natural and Applied Science Journal, 2(1): 32–38.
Formagio, A., Volobuff, C., Santiago, M., Cardoso, C., Vieira, M. and Valdevina Pereira, Z. 2014. Evaluation of antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds in Psychotria leaf extracts. Antioxidants, 3: 745–757.
Górniak, I., Bartoszewski, R. and Króliczewski, J. 2019. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews. 18(1): 241-272.
Hayat, M., Abbas, M., Munir, F., Hayat, M.Q., Keyani, R. and Amir, R. 2017. Potential of plant flavonoids in pharmaceutics and nutraceutics. Journal of Biomolecules and Biochemistry. 1: 12–17.
Heim, K.E., Tagliaferro, A.R. and Bobilya, D.J. 2002. Flavonoid antioxidants: Chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13: 572–584.
Inala, M., Dayanand, C., Sivaraj, N., Beena, P. and Kutty, A. 2015. Antibacterial activity of flavonoids extracted from seeds of Pongamia pinnata Linn on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. British Microbiology Research Journal, 10: 1–8.
Jaiswal, P. and Kumar, P. 2015. Antimicrobial screening of free and bound flavonoid from the bark of Terminalia arjuna. The Journal of Phytopharmacology, 4: 303–306.
Jamil, S., , Siti Mariam Abdul Lathiff, Siti Awanis Abdullah and Noraini Jemaon, H.M.S. 2014. Antimicrobial flavonoids from artocarpus anisophyllus Miq. and Artocarpus lowii King. Journal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering),71: 95–99.
Kandaswami, C., Kanadaswami, C., Lee, L.T., Lee, P.P.H., Hwang, J.-J., Ke, F.C., Huang, Y.T. and Lee, M.T. 2007. The antitumor activities of flavonoids. In vivo (Athens, Greece). 19:895–909.
Maheswari, U., Sridevi Sangeetha, K.S., Umamaheswari, S., Uma, C., Reddy, M. and Kalkura, S.N. 2016. Flavonoids: Therapeutic potential of natural pharmacological agents antibiotics view project flavonoids: therapeutic potential of natural pharmacological agents. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 7(10):3924-3930.
Majewska, M., Skrzycki, M., Podsiad, M. and Czeczot, H. 2011. Evaluation of antioxidant potential of flavonoids: An in vitro study. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research, 68: 611–615.
Małgorzata Brodowska, K. 2017. Classification, potential role, and application of flavonoid analogues. European Journal of Biological Research, 7: 108–123.
Manthey, J.A.. and Guthrie, N. 2002. Antiproliferative activities of citrus flavonoids against six human cancer cell lines. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50: 5837–5843.
Martinez-Perez, C., Ward, C., Cook, G., Mullen, P., McPhail, D., Harrison, D.J. and Langdon, S.P. 2014. Novel flavonoids as anti-cancer agents: mechanisms of action and promise for their potential application in breast cancer. Biochemical Society Transactions, 42: 1017–1023.
Mierziak, J., Kostyn, K. and Kulma, A. 2014. Flavonoids as important molecules of plant interactions with the environment. Molecules, 19: 16240–16265.
Nishigaki, I., Peramaiyan, R., Ramachandran, V., Gnapathy, E., Dhanapal, S. and Yutaka, N. 2010. Cytoprotective role of astaxanthin against glycated protein/iron chelate-induced toxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Phytotherapy research, 24: 54–59.
Özçelik, B., Orhan, D., Özgen, S. and Ergun, F. 2015. Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESβL)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7: 1151.
Panche, A.N., Diwan, A.D. and Chandra, S.R. 2016. Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5:e47.
Pradhan, D., Pradhan, R.K., Tripathy, G., and Pradhan, S. 2015. Inhibition of proteasome activity by the dietary flavonoid Quercetin associated with growth inhibition in cultured breast cancer cells and xenografts. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 7: 225–233.
Procházková, D., Boušová, I. and Wilhelmová, N. 2011. Antioxidant and prooxidant properties of flavonoids. Fitoterapia, 82: 513–523.
Ragazzon, P.A., Iley, J. and Missailidis, S. 2009. Structure-activity studies of the binding of the flavonoid scaffold to DNA. Anticancer Research, 29: 2285–2293.
Rawson, N.E., Ho, C.T. and Li, S. 2019. Efficacious anti-cancer property of flavonoids from citrus peels. Food Science and Human Wellness, 3: 104–109.
Sandu, M., Bîrsă, L.M. and Bahrin, L.G. 2017. Flavonoids – Small Molecules, High Hopes. Acta Chemica Iasi , 25: 6–23.
Ruiz-Cruz, S., Chaparro-Hernández, S., Hernández-Ruiz, K.L., Cira-Chavez, L.A., Estrada-Alvarado, M.I.,Ortega, L.E.G., Ornelas-Paz, J.J., Lopez Mata, A. 2018. Flavonoids: Important Biocompounds in Food, Intechopen.
Sharma, N., Dobhal, M., Joshi, Y. and Chahar, M. 2011. Flavonoids: A versatile source of anticancer drugs. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 5(9): 1-12.
Sharma, Y., Nagar, A., Srivastava, N.S. and Bala, K. 2017. Antioxidant activity of polyphenolic favonoid of stem of Nicotiana tabacum. American Journal of Drug Discovery and Development, 7: 25–32.
Srivastava, S., Somasagara, R.R., Hegde, M., Nishana, M., Tadi, S.K., Srivastava, M., Choudhary, B. and Raghavan, S.C. 2016. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid interacts with DNA, arrests cell cycle and causes tumor regression by activating mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Scientific Reports, 6: 1-13.
Stanisic, D., F. Costa, A., J. Favaro, W., Tasic, L., B. Seabra, A. and Duran, N. 2018. Anticancer activities of Hesperidin and Hesperetin in vivo and their potentiality against bladder cancer. Journal of Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology, 9(5): 515-520.
Taechowisan, T., Chanaphat, S., Ruensamran, W. and Phutdhawong, W.S. 2014. Antibacterial activity of new flavonoids from Streptomyces sp. BT01; an endophyte in boesenbergia rotunda (L.) mansf. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 4: 8–13.
Tapas, A.R., Sakarkar, D.M. and Kakde, R.B. 2008. Flavonoids as nutraceuticals: a review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7(3): 1089–1099.
Vijayalakshmi, V.A., Masilamani, M.K., Nagarajan, N.E. and Ravichandiran, R. V. 2015. In vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of flavonoids from Cassia Tora linn. leaves against human breast carcinoma cell lines. Der Pharma Chemica, 7: 122–129.
Weston, L.A.and Mathesius, U. 2013. Flavonoids: their structure, biosynthesis and role in the rhizosphere, including allelopathy. Journal of chemical ecology , 39: 283–97.
Zheng, Y.Z., Deng, G., Liang, Q., Chen, D.F., Guo, R. and Lai, R.C. 2017. Antioxidant activity of quercetin and its glucosides from propolis: A theoretical study. Scientific Reports, 7: 1–11.
Zhivotovsky, B., Lu, J., Holmgren, A., Rodriguez-Nieto, S., Fang, J. and Papp, L. V. 2006. Inhibition of mammalian thioredoxin reductase by some flavonoids: implications for myricetin and quercetin anticancer activity. Cancer Research, 66: 4410–4418.