Investigation Response of Wheat Genotypes to Different level of Nitrogen Fertilizer, Crop Production, Seed Growth Trend and Correlation Between Traits
Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Fatemeh Torfi
1
(Msc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. |Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Keywords: Seed weight</i>, <i>Bread and Durum, Contribution of current photosynthesis, Efficiency of redistribution, Number of spikelet,
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and increase crop productivity. Nutrient management may be achieved by the involvement of organic sources, bio fertilizers, and micro-nutrients. OBJECTIVES: Current study was done to determine the effect of different level of nitrogen and wheat genotypes on agronomic traits, seed growth rate and correlation between characteristics. METHODS: Statistical pattern was split plot experiment according randomized complete block design with three replications. Main factor included four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (N1=60, N2=120, N3=180, N4=240 kg.ha-1, Urea Source) and sub plots consisted four genotypes of Bread (V1: S85-19 as line, V2: Chamran) and Durum (V3: Behrang, V4: Dena) Wheat. RESULT: Result of analysis of variance indicated effect of nitrogen fertilizer (instead number of seed per spikelet and 1000-seed weight), genotypes (instead number of seed per spikelet) and interaction effect of treatments (instead number of spikelet per spike, number of seed per spikelet, 1000-seed weight and harvest index) on all measured traits was significant. Correlation between traits showed the significant correlation between biologic yield (r=0.97**), seed weight (r=0.92**), harvest index (r=0.91**), number of seed per m2 (r= 0.77**), number of seed per spike (r= 0.75**), number of seed per spikelet (r= 0.71**), rate of current photosynthesis (r= 0.69**), rate of redistribution (r= 0.66**), number of spike per m2 (r= 0.62*), number of spikelet per spike (r= 0.59*), contribution of current photosynthesis (r= 0.59*), efficiency of current photosynthesis (r= 0.54*) and seed yield was observed. CONCLUSION: The highest grain filling rate belonged to use 240 and 180 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and Chamran genotype at 27 days after anthesis.
Aftab, W., A. Ghaffar, M. M. Khalid Hussain. and W. Nasim. 2007. Yield response of maize hydrides to varying nitrogen rates. Pak. J. Agri. Sci. 44(2): 217-220.
Agrama, HAS. 1996. Sequential path analysis of seed yield and its components in maize. Plant Breeding. 115:343-346.
Alexandratos, N. 2003. World agriculture: Towards 2015-30. Cong. Global Food Security and Role of Sustainable Fertil. Rome. Italy.
Bijanzadeh, E. and Y. Emam. 2010. Effect of defoliation and drought stress on yield components and chlorophyll content of wheat. Pak J Biol Sci. 13(14): 699-705.
Cathcart, R. J. and C. J. Swanton. 2003. Nitrogen management will influence threshold values of green foxtail in corn. Weed Sci. 51: 975-986.
Dauda, S. N., E. B. Amans, H. Mani. and R. A. Yahaya. 2015. Yield and yield components of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties response to nitrogen and phosphorus rate. Gashua Journal of Irrigation and Desertification Studies. 1(1-2): 57-68. In: Adelson, P. A., G .T .J. Mercelo. and L. A. Dejaio. 2000. Growth and yield of common bean varieties at two soil phosphorus level, under biological nitrogen fixation. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira. 35(4): 809-817.
Ehdaie, B. and D. G. Waines. 2001. Sowing date and nitrogen rate effects on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in bread and durum wheat. Field Crops Res. J. 73(1): 7-61.
Erman, M., S. Demir, E. Ocak, S. Tufenkci, F. Oguz. and A. Akkopru. 2011. Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on properties in chickpea under irrigated and rainfed conditions, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Res. 122(1): 14-24.
Fang, Y., X. Bing-Cheng, T. Neil. and L. Feng-Min. 2010. Grain yield, dry matter accumulation and remobilization and root respiration in winter wheat as affected by seeding rate and root pruning. Eur. J. Agron. 33: 257-266.
Fowler, B. D. and J. Brydon. 2001. No-till winter wheat production on the Canadian prairies. Agron. J. 81: 817-825.
Gardner, F. P., B. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 2003. Physiology of crop plants. Jodhpur Scientific Pub. 328 p.
Gastillo, E. G., R. J. Buresh. and K. T. Ingram. 1992. Lowland rice yield as Affected by timing of water deficit and nitrogen fertilization. Agron. J. 84: 152- 159.
Gunasekera, C. P., L. D. Martin, K. H. M. Siddique. and G. H. Walton. 2006. Genotype by environment interactions of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and Rapeseed (B. napus L.) in Mediterranean-type environments. 1. Crop growth and seed yield. Euro. J. Agron. 25:1-12.
Khalilzadeh, Gh., A. R. Eivazi, J. Mozaffari. and Y. Arshad .2013. Genetic variation for the efficiency of nitrogen uptake and use in Bread wheat cultivars of Iran and Azerbaijan. Int. J. Farming and Allied Sci. 2(21): 900-908.
Krishnan, P., S. Nagarajan, M. Dadlani. and A. V. Moharir. 2003. Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds under accelerated aging conditions by proton nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Seed Sci. Technol. 31: 541- 550.
Kumar, A., B. Singh. and J. Sing. 2001. Response of macanip heat (T. durum) nitrogen. Phosphorus and sodic water on loamy-sand of southwest hiragana. Indian J. 46(1): 118-121.
Ladha, K. J., H. Pathak, T. J. Krupnik, J. Six. and C. Van Kessel. 2005. Efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in cereal production: Retrospect and prospects. J. Adv. Agron. 87: 85-156.
Lincoln, T. and Z. Edvardo. 2006. Assimilation of mineral nutrition. In: Plant Physiology (4th Edition), Sinaur Associates. Inc. Pub. Sunderland. 705 pp.
McKenzie, B. A. and G. D. Hill. 1995. Growth and yield of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Crop and Horti. Sci. 23: 467-474.
Mijic, A., M. Krizmanić, V. Guberac and S. Marić. 2006. Stabilnost prinosa ulja nekoliko OS hibrida suncokreta. Poljoprivreda. 12(1): 5-10.
Modhej, A. and M. Mojadam. 2006. Effect of harvesting levels and nitrogen fertilization on source limitation and yield in dual-purpose (Forage and seed) Barley. J. Agric. Sci. 13: 143-151.
Mohan, S., M. Singh. and R. Kumar. 2015. Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc fertilization on yield and quality of kharif fodder: A review. Agri. Rev. 36(3): 218-226.
Mosanaei, H., H. Ajamnorozi, M. R. Dadashi, A. Faraji. and M. Pessarakli. 2017. Improvement effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed deterioration and yield. Emir. J. Food Agric. 29(11): 899-910. In: Nourmohammadi, Gh., A. Siadat. and A. Kashani. 2010. Cereal Crops. Ninth Printing. Chamran University Press. Ahvaz. Iran. p. 48.
Naderi, A. 2001. Evaluation of genetic diversity and modeling of potential for redistribution of assimilate and nitrogen to grain in wheat genotypes under water stress. PhD. Thesis. IAU. Ahvaz Branch. 243 pp. (Abstract in English)
Naseri, R., A. Mirzaei, R. Soleimani. and E. Nazarbeygi. 2010. Response of bread wheat to nitrogen application in calcareous soils of western Iran. J. Agric. Environ. Sci. 9(1): 79-85.
Noormohammadi, G. A., A. Siadat. and G. Fathi. 2001. Seed farming. Chamran Univ. Press. pp: 468.
Papakosta, D. K. and A. A. Gagianas. 1991. Nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, remobilization, and losses for Mediterranean wheat during grain filling. Agron. J. 83: 864–870.
Sadeghi, H. and A. R. Kazemeini. 2011. Effect of crop residue management and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and yield components of two barley cultivars under dry land conditions. Iran. J. Crop Sci. 13(3): 436-451.
Saeedin, Z. 2016. Evaluate effect of different level of micronutrient on seed yield of cowpea. 14th Natl. Iranian Crop Sci. Cong. (Abstract in English)
Salvagiotti, F., K. G. Cassman, J. E. Specht, D. T. Walters, A. Weiss. and A. Dobermann. 2008. Nitrogen uptake, fixation and response to N in soybeans: A review. Field Crops Res. 108: 1-13.
Schneider, H. 1993. The role of carbohydrate storage and redistribution in source-sink relation of wheat, barley at grain filling. New Phytol. 123: 233-245.
Semahegn Belete, Y. 2011. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis studies in Mustard Genotypes. Int. J. Plant Breed and Genet. 5: 328-338.
Shah, Z., S. H. Shah, M. B. Peoples, G. D. Schwenke. and D. F. Herriedge. 2003. Crop residue and fertilizer N effects on nitrogen fixation and yields of legume nitrogen cereal rotations and soil fertility. Field Crops Res. 83: 1-11.
Shanggan, Z. P., A. Shao. and J. Dychmans. 2000. Nitrogen nutrition and water stress effects on leaf photosynthetic gas exchange and water use efficiency in winter wheat. Environ. Exp. Bot. 44: 141-149.
Singh, D. K., A. K. Pandey, U. B. Pandey. and S. R. Bhonde. 2002. Effect of farmyard manure combined with foliar application of NPK mixture and micronutrients on growth, yield and quality of Onion. Newsletter-Natl. Horti. Res. Develop. Found. 21-22: 1-7.
Souza, S. R., E. Mariam, L. M. Stark. and M. S. Fernandes. 1998. Nitrogen remobilization during the reproductive period in two Brazilian rice varieties. J. Plant Nutr. 21: 2049-2053.
Szulc, P. 2013. Effects of soil supplementation with urea and magnesium on nitrogen uptake, and utilization by two different forms of maize (Zea mays L.) differing in senescence rates. Polish J. Environ. Stud. 22: 239-248.
Walley, F. L., S. K. Boahen, G. Hnatowich. and C. Stevenson. 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertility management for desi, kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Sci. 85: 73-79.
Wu, S. C., Z. H. Caob, Z. G. Lib, K. C. Cheunga. and M. H. Wong. 2005. Effects of bio-fertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizes and AM fungi on maize growth. Geoderma. J. 125: 155-166