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Manuscript ID : JCHR-2305-1751 (R1) Visit : 236 Page: 789 - 802

10.22034/jchr.2023.1986623.1751

Article Type: Original Research

Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk in Water from Chanomi Creek, Warri, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Amarachi Onyena 1 (Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria|Department of Marine Environment and Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria)
Joseph Nkwoji 2 (Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria)
Lucian Chukwu 3 (Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria)
Emeka Ifediba 4 (Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria)
Onyenmechi Afonne 5 (Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, NnamdiAzikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nnewi, Nigeria)
Dokuboba Amachree 6 (Department of Rivers State University, Nkpolu-Oroworukwo, Port Harcourt, Nigeria)

Received: 2023-05-27 Accepted : 2023-08-21 Published : 2023-12-01

Keywords: Risk, pollution, Heavy metal, Chanomi, Creek, Marine,

Abstract :

The utilisation of surface water has increased in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria due to high ground water abstraction rates. This study aims to assess the pollution status of heavy metals in water from Chanomi Creek, Nigeria, and conduct an ecological risk assessment to evaluate potential environmental impacts and implications for marine life and local communities. Ten stations adjoining the creek were sampled and analysed for Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe, Zn, As, and Mn, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Indices such as the heavy metal pollution index (HPIs), Nemerow pollution index (PN), and potential ecological risk indices (PERI) were used to assess the degree of water contamination and its suitability for marine life and agricultural purposes. Monthly data were aggregated and analysed as dry and wet seasons to evaluate seasonal influences on these parameters. During the dry season, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn increased significantly (p < 0.05). The HPIs for both seasons clearly exceeded the threshold of 100, making the water grossly inadequate for drinking. Across seasons, PN for agricultural purposes ranged from 0.4 to 2.3 indicating slightly to moderate pollution status but was heavily polluted for aquatic life (PN: 98 – 240). High ecological risks (PERI > 400) were observed for human consumption and aquatic life. Chanomi Creek is moderately contaminated for animal watering and irrigation but extensively polluted for marine life.The study posits possible impacts on ecosystem health, biodiversity, and communities relying on the creek. Urgent action is required with effective pollution control and sustainable water management practices for environmental and health safety.

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