The effect of different levels of salinity stress on variations in the protein pattern of barley plants inoculated with Glomus fasciculatum and pretreated with salinity

Subject Areas : Phytochemistry

Zohre Najar Zadeh ¹ , Reza Rezakhanlou ²

1 - Department of Biology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
2 - Department of Agronomy, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

Received: 2023-12-11 Accepted : 2023-12-11 Published : 2023-10-01

Keywords: Salinity, barley, Mycorrhiza, Glomus fasciculatum, protein pattern,

Abstract :

Mycorrhiza fungi play a key role in plants' resistance to environmental stresses. Among environmental stressors, salinity is an acute problem. One way to understand the ability of plants to deal with abiotic stress is to investigate and identify the changes that occur as a result of stress in the levels of certain proteins. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the emergence of special protein bands and their strength in barley plants under increasing salinity concentration and affected by salinity pretreated mycorrhizal fungi. The first factor of the study was pretreatment of mycorrhiza with 0, 25, 50, and 100 mmol of salt, and the second factor included 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mmol salinity treatments applied to the plants under study. Barly plants were analyzed by SDS-page gel electrophoresis method and staining to check changes in protein pattern. Results showed that the pattern of protein contents of the plants under stress was significantly different from that of control plants. Considering the enhanced bands or the appearance of new bands on the SDS-page gel, synthesis of some proteins increased in the plants under stress or some new proteins were produced to resist stress conditions compared to control plants. Based on the molecular weight of the proteins that have been determined in different plants and the range of bands obtained on the electrophoresis gel, the proteins of the investigated plant might be identified.

References:

Abdelhamid, M. T., A. Sekara, M. Pessarakli, J. Alarcón, M. Brestic, H. El-Ramady, N. Gad, H. I. Mohamed, W. M. Fares and S. S. Heba. 2020. New approaches for improving salt stress tolerance in rice. Rice Research for Quality Improvement: Genomics and Genetic Engineering: Volume 1: Breeding Techniques and Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 247-268.

Abril, A. G., M. Carrera, V. Notario, Á. Sánchez-Pérez and T. G. Villa. 2022. The use of bacteriophages in biotechnology and recent insights into proteomics. Antibiotics, 11, (5) 653.

Ali, A. Y. A., M. E. H. Ibrahim, G. Zhou, G. Zhu, A. M. I. Elsiddig, M. S. E. Suliman, S. B. M. Elradi and E. G. I. Salah. 2022. Interactive impacts of soil salinity and jasmonic acid and humic acid on growth parameters, forage yield and photosynthesis parameters of sorghum plants. South African Journal of Botany, 146, 293-303.

Alsafran, M., K. Usman, B. Ahmed, M. Rizwan, M. H. Saleem and H. Al Jabri. 2022. Understanding the phytoremediation mechanisms of potentially toxic elements: A proteomic overview of recent advances. Frontiers in plant science, 13, 881242.

Attia, M. S., M. S. Osman, A. S. Mohamed, H. A. Mahgoub, M. O. Garada, E. S. Abdelmouty and A. a. H. Abdel Latef. 2021. Impact of foliar application of chitosan dissolved in different organic acids on isozymes, protein patterns and physio-biochemical characteristics of tomato grown under salinity stress. Plants, 10, (2) 388.

Cao, H. 2021. The Contribution of Protein Turnover to the Accumulation of Wheat Grain Proteins.

Chaudhary, R., V. Agarwal, M. Rehman, A. S. Kaushik and V. Mishra. 2022. Genetic architecture of motor neuron diseases. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 434, 120099.

Choudhary, S., K. I. Wani, M. Naeem, M. M. A. Khan and T. Aftab. 2023. Cellular responses, osmotic adjustments, and role of osmolytes in providing salt stress resilience in higher plants: Polyamines and nitric oxide crosstalk. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 42, (2) 539-553.

Enespa and P. Chandra. 2022. Tool and techniques study to plant microbiome current understanding and future needs: an overview. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 15, (1) 209-225.

Halder, T., M. Choudhary, H. Liu, Y. Chen, G. Yan and K. H. Siddique. 2022. Wheat proteomics for abiotic stress tolerance and root system architecture: Current status and future prospects. Proteomes, 10, (2) 17.

Han, Y., R. Li, Y. Liu, S. Fan, S. Wan, X. Zhang and G. Li. 2021. The major intrinsic protein family and their function under salt-stress in peanut. Frontiers in Genetics, 12, 639585.

Hussain, N., A. Ghaffar, Z. U. Zafar, M. Javed, K. H. Shah, S. Noreen, H. Manzoor, M. Iqbal, I. F. Z. Hassan and H. Bano. 2021a. Identification of novel source of salt tolerance in local bread wheat germplasm using morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. Scientific Reports, 11, (1) 10854.

Hussain, Q., M. Asim, R. Zhang, R. Khan, S. Farooq and J. Wu. 2021b. Transcription factors interact with ABA through gene expression and signaling pathways to mitigate drought and salinity stress. Biomolecules, 11, (8) 1159.

Karki, U., P. Perez Sanchez, S. Chakraborty, B. Dickey, J. Vargas Ulloa, N. Zhang and J. Xu. 2023. Intracellular trafficking and glycosylation of hydroxyproline-O-glycosylation module in tobacco BY-2 cells is dependent on medium composition and transcriptome analysis. Scientific Reports, 13, (1) 13506.

Mahmood, Y., R. Hussain, A. Ghaffar, F. Ali, S. Nawaz, K. Mehmood and A. Khan. 2022. Acetochlor affects bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) by producing oxidative stress, lowering tissue proteins, and inducing genotoxicity. BioMed Research International, 2022,

Mansour, M. M. F. and F. A. Hassan. 2022. How salt stress-responsive proteins regulate plant adaptation to saline conditions? Plant Molecular Biology, 1-50.

Moreno, C., L. Mojica, E. González De Mejía, R. M. Camacho Ruiz and D. A. Luna-Vital. 2020. Combinations of legume protein hydrolysates synergistically inhibit biological markers associated with adipogenesis. Foods, 9, (11) 1678.

Osman, M. S., A. A. Badawy, A. I. Osman and A. a. H. Abdel Latef. 2021. Ameliorative impact of an extract of the halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum on growth and biochemical parameters of soybean under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40, 1245-1256.

Polash, M. a. S., M. A. Sakil and M. A. Hossain. 2019. Plants responses and their physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms against salinity: A review. Trop Plant Res, 6, 250-274.

Raza, A., F. Ashraf, X. Zou, X. Zhang and H. Tosif. 2020. Plant adaptation and tolerance to environmental stresses: mechanisms and perspectives. Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I: General Consequences and Plant Responses, 117-145.

Riaz, M., M. S. Arif, M. A. Ashraf, R. Mahmood, T. Yasmeen, M. B. Shakoor, S. M. Shahzad, M. Ali, I. Saleem and M. Arif. 2019. A comprehensive review on rice responses and tolerance to salt stress. Advances in rice research for abiotic stress tolerance, 133-158.

Sahoo, J. P., L. Behera, S. S. Sharma, J. Praveena, S. K. Nayak and K. C. Samal. 2020. Omics studies and systems biology perspective towards abiotic stress response in plants. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 11, (12) 2172.

Sharma, M., P. Kumar, V. Verma, R. Sharma, B. Bhargava and M. Irfan. 2022. Understanding plant stress memory response for abiotic stress resilience: Molecular insights and prospects. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 179, 10-24.

Swapnil, P., M. Meena, S. K. Singh, U. P. Dhuldhaj and A. Marwal. 2021. Vital roles of carotenoids in plants and humans to deteriorate stress with its structure, biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and functional aspects. Current Plant Biology, 26, 100203.

Zeeshan, M., M. Lu, S. Naz, S. Sehar, F. Cao and F. Wu. 2020a. Resemblance and difference of seedling metabolic and transporter gene expression in high tolerance wheat and barley cultivars in response to salinity stress. Plants, 9, (4) 519.

Zeeshan, M., M. Lu, S. Sehar, P. Holford and F. Wu. 2020b. Comparison of biochemical, anatomical, morphological, and physiological responses to salinity stress in wheat and barley genotypes deferring in salinity tolerance. Agronomy, 10, (1) 127.

     Zhao, C., H. Zhang, C. Song, J.-K. Zhu and S. Shabala. 2020. Mechanisms of plant responses and adaptation to soil salinity. The innovation, 1, (1)