Facies, sedimentary environments and sequence stratigraphy of Cretaceous deposits in the northwest of Azerbaijan, Iran
Subject Areas :
Mineralogy
Rahim Mahari
1
,
Rahim Shabanian
2
,
Farahnaz Reihani
3
,
Hamideh Shetabifard
4
,
Somaieh Sadigh Janbahan
5
1 - Department of Geology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Department of Geology, Payam noor University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 - Department of Geology, Payam noor University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 - Department of Geology, Payam noor University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
5 - Department of Geology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
Received: 2017-11-20
Accepted : 2018-05-30
Published : 2019-04-01
Keywords:
Cretaceous,
Azerbaijan,
microfacies,
sequence stratigraphy,
sedimentary environments,
Abstract :
The Cretaceous deposits in Morakan, located in the northeast of Khoy, a town in western Azerbaijan province, Iran, are primarily made up of carbonate rocks. These deposits, which are of 717 meters thick, lie on the clastic facies of Jurassic and are covered with beneath the pelagic beds of the Upper Cretaceous. To investigate the facies, sedimentary environment and sequential stratigraphy of these successions, a stratigraphic section was made in the south of Morakan village. Carbonate facies in this section have deposited in open marine, bar, lagoon, and tidal flat facies belts. The study of these facies and comparing them with old and modern sedimentary environments reveals that these succes-sions have deposited in a carbonated platform of rimmed shelf type. The study of the vertical succes-sion of microfacies shows four main sequences in the form of system tracts of TST and HST, which are made up of shallowing and deepening parasequences. The first lower boundary of the sequences is the type SB1 unconformity, and other identified sequences are the type SB2 unconformity.
References:
Abyat A, Baghbani D, Afghah M, Kohansal Ghadimvand N, Feghi A (2012) Microbiostratigraphy and Lithostratigraphy of Fahliyan and Gadvan Formations in Kuh-e-Surmeh (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran). Advances in Environmental Biology 6(12): 3078-3086.
Adabi MH, Salehi MA, Ghabeishavi A (2010) Depositional Environment, Sequence Stratigraphy and Geochemistry of Lower Cretaceous Carbonates (Fahliyan Formation), South-West Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Science 39: 148-160.
Aghanabati A (2006) Geology of Iran: Ministry of Industry and Mines, Geological Survey of Iran.
Berra F, Angiolini L (2014) The evolution of the Tethys region throughout the Phanerozoic: A brief tectonic reconstruction, AAPG Memoir 106: 1-27.
Dunham RJ (1962) Classification of Carbonate Rocks According to Depositional Texture. In: Ham WE, Ed., Classification of Carbonate Rocks, AAPG, Tulsa 108-121.
Eberli GP (1991) Growth and demise of isolated carbonate platforms: Bahamian controversies, Controversies in Modern Geology:231-248
Emery D, Myers KJ (1996) Sequence Stratigraphy. Blackwell Science, Oxford 297.
Flugel E (1982) Microfacies Analysis of Limestones. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 633.
Flugel E (2004) Microfacies of carbonate rocks: analysis, interpretation and application, Springer Science & Business Media.
Flugel E (2010) Microfacies Analysis of Carbonate Rocks: Analysis, Interpretation and Application, 2nd edition, Springer-Verlag 984.
Geel T (2000) Recognition of stratigraphic sequence in carbonate platform and slope deposits; empirical models based on microfacies analyses of paleogene deposits in southeastern spain, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimate. Palaeoecol 155(3): 211-238.
Geybshavi A (2009) Stratigraphy of Sarvak and Illam Formations in Parsi Oil-filed, PhD theses, Esfahan University (in Persian).
Hine AC (1977) Lily Bank, Bahamas: history of an active oolite sand shoal, Journal of Sedimentary Research 47: 1554-1581.
Husinec A, Sokac B (2006) Early Cretaceous Benthic Associations (Foraminifera and Calcareous Algae) of a Shallow Tropical-Water Platform Environment (M1jet Island, Southern Croatia). Cretaceous Research 20: 1-24.
Javanbakht M, Moussavi Harami R, Mahboubi A (2011) Depositional History and Sequence Stratigraphy of theTirgan Formation (Barremian- Aptian) in the Zavin section, E Iran, Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences 3:134-152.
Lasemi Y (1995) Platform carbonates of the Upper Jurassic Mozduran formation in the Kopet Dagh Basin, NE Iran facies, palaeoenvironments and sequences, Sedimentary geology 99:151-164.
Pomar L (2001) Ecological Control of Sedimentary Accomodation: Evolution from a Carbonate Ramp to Rimmed Shelf, Upper Miocene, Balearic Islands. Journal of Palaeogeology, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 175: 294-272.
Read JF (1985) Carbonate platform models. AAPG Bull 69(1):1-21.
Rankey EC, Reeder SL (2010) Controls on platform scale patterns of surface sediments, shallow Holocene Platforms, Bahamas, Sedimentology 57:1545-1565.
Reading HG (2009) Sedimentary environments: processes, facies and stratigraphy. John Wiley & Sons.
Saffar A, Mousavi MJ, Torshizian HA, Javanbakht M (2010) The Investigation of sedimental Facies and sedimental environment of Tirgan Formation,Zavin Section, NW of Iran, Proceedings of The First International Applied Geological Congress 2:2045-2049.
Saha S, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Saraswati PK, Burley SD (2011) Characteristics of an open coast tidal flat: Example from Daman, west coast of India, Journal of the Geological Society of India 77:409-418.
Schlager W (1992) Sedimetology And Sequence Stratigraphy Of Reef And Carbonate Platforms, The American Association Of Petroleum Geologists Continuing Education course Note Series 34.
Sharma V, Daneshian J, Bhagyapati Devi L (2011) Early Neogene Radiolarian Faunal Turnover in the Northern Indian Ocean: Evidence from Andaman-Nicobar, Journal of the Geological Society of India 78:157-166.
Sloss L (1963) Sequences in the cratonic interior of North America, Geological Society of America Bulletin 74:93-114.
Wilson J (1975) Carbonate Facies in Geologic History Springer-Verlag, New York 471.
Wright, V. P. (1992). A Revised Classification of Limestone, Sedimentary Geology 76(3-4): 177-185.
