مطالعه تطبیقی نظام تامین اجتماعی و ارائه الگوی تحول آفرین رفاه مبتنی بر شواهد و تجربیات
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت منابع انسانیمجید باقرزاده خوراسگانی 1 , رضا نجف بیگی 2 , کرم‌الله دانش‌فرد 3
1 - دانشجو دکتری گروه مدیریت واحدقشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قشم، ایران
2 - Professor, Department of Public Administration, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم تحقیقات،تهران،ایران
کلید واژه: نظام تامین اجتماعی, الگوی رفاه, شواهد و تجربیات,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف:. مطالعه تطبیقی نظام‌های تامین اجتماعی در کشورهای مختلف می‌تواند فرصتی برای شناسایی نقاط قوت و ضعف این نظام‌ها و ارائه الگوهای تحول‌آفرین مبتنی بر شواهد و تجربیات فراهم کند. هدف این پژوهش، مطالعه تطبیقی نظام تامین اجتماعی و ارائه الگوی رفاه مبتنی بر شواهد و تجربیات می باشد.
روش بررسی: روش این پژوهش، تحلیل محتوا می باشد و مطالعه عمیق در مورد شباهتها و تفاوتهای موجود میان نظام تامین اجتماعی ایران با کشورهای منتخب در زمینههای مختلف انجام شد، بصورتی که 6 کشور به عنوان نمونه آماری مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند.
یافتهها: یافته ها نشان داد در کشورهای مورد مطالعه در شاخه بیمهای، شاخه بیمه اجتماعی مبتنی بر اشتغال است، رابطه کارگری و کارفرمایی در آن وجود دارد، و متکی به دریافت حق بیمه از بیمه شده، کارفرما و بعضاً کمکهای دولتی است. در بخش غیر بیمهای، برای افراد کم توان مالی، دولت مسئولیت تامین اجتماعی را بر عهده دارد و حرکت در جهت پوشش کامل افراد از محل درآمد ملی است. همچنین، کشورها از افراد با سطح درآمد کمتر از حد معینی حمایت می کنند و حرکت از بیمههای اجتماعی به سوی رفاه اجتماعی می باشد.
نتیجه گیری: نظام تامین اجتماعی ایران بایستی برنامهریزی مناسب در جهت مولفههای اقتصادی، بهداشت و درمان، امداد و نجات، هماهنگی سازمانی، حمایتی و توانبخشی و اجرایی کردن سیاستها داشته باشد.
Background and purpose: The comparative analysis of social security systems across various nations facilitates the identification of their respective strengths and weaknesses, thereby enabling the formulation of evidence-based and experience-driven transformative models. This research aims a comparative study of the social security system and providing a welfare model based on evidence and experiences.
Research method: The methodology employed in this research involves content analysis, with a comprehensive examination of the similarities and differences between Iran's social security system and those of selected countries across various domains. A comparative analysis was conducted involving a sample of six countries.
Findings: The findings indicate that in the examined countries within the insurance sector, the social insurance system is predicated on employment, characterized by a labor-employer relationship. It relies on the collection of insurance premiums from the insured individuals, their employers, and occasionally governmental assistance. In contrast, within the non-insurance sector, the government assumes responsibility for social security for individuals with low financial resources, facilitating a shift towards comprehensive coverage funded by national income sources. Additionally, these countries provide support to individuals who income falls below a specified threshold, thereby transitioning from social insurance to social welfare programs.
Conclusion: The social security system in Iran necessitates comprehensive planning that encompasses economic components, healthcare and treatment services, emergency relief and rescue operations, organizational coordination, support and rehabilitation mechanisms, and the effective implementation of policies.
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