نقش سرمایه‌های فرهنگی و روان شناختی در مشارکت ورزشی زنان (تحقیق کیفی)
محورهای موضوعی : تربیت بدنی، مدیریت ورزشی، علوم ورزشی
محمد حسن فردوسی
1
(استادیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: مشارکت ورزشی زنان, سرمایه های روان شناختی, سرمایه‌های فرهنگی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش سرمایه‌های فرهنگی و روان شناختی در مشارکت ورزشی زنان بود. جامعه‌آماری تحقیق شامل؛ اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه، مدیران، ورزشکاران و مربّیانِ زن فعال در سطوح قهرمانی استان خوزستان بودند. برای نمونه‌گیری از روش گلوله‌برفی استفاده شد و با 14 نفر از افراد جامعه مذکور مصاحبه شد که از مصاحبه دوازدهم اشباع نظری حاصل گردید. روش پژوهش کیفی با رویکرد اکتشافی بود. جهت ساخت الگوی پیشنهادی پژوهش از روش نظریه برخاسته از داده‌ها (گرندد تئوری) استفاده شد. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته انجام شد. برای تحلیل و کدگذاری داده ها از روش کدگذاری سه مرحله ای باز، محوری و انتخابی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادکه 5 مضمون اصلی (شرایط علی، شرایط زمینه‌ای، شرایط مداخله‌گر، راهبردها و پیامدها) و 23 مقوله محوری استخراج گردید. عوامل علی در دو بخش سرمایه فرهنگی (برابری جنسیتی، سطح اقتصادی، عوامل اجتماعی) و سرمایه روان شناختی (تاب آوری، امیدواری، خودکارآمدی، خوش‌بینی) تقسیم شد. عوامل‌زمینه‌ای (تربیت فرهنگی، آموزش و آگاهی، رسانه‌ها،)، عوامل مداخله گر (تصورات قالبی، تبعیض جنسیتی، فرهنگ نگرانی از ظاهر، فقدان حمایت اجتماعی، بی‌عدالتی، محدودیت‌های اقتصادی)، راهبردها (آگاهی افزایی فرهنگی، حمایت اجتماعی، توسعه زیرساخت‌ها، پشتیبانی مالی) و پیامدها (ابعاد روان شناختی، ابعاد اجتماعی، و ابعاد فرهنگی) بودند. هم چنین مشخص شد سرمایه های فرهنگی و روان شناختی می‌توانند به تشکیل نگرش‌های مثبت نسبت به مشارکت زنان در ورزش کمک کرده و به بروز توانمندی زنان و بالندگی اجتماعی بیافزایند.
This research aimed to investigate the role of cultural and psychological capitals in women's athletics involvement. The study's statistical population included; university faculty members, managers, athletes, and female coaches active at championship levels in Khuzestan province. Snow ball sampling procedure was processed to select the sample. Interviews were conducted with 14 individuals from the mentioned community, and theoretical saturation was achieved from the twelfth interview onward. The research method was a qualitative one with an exploratory approach. To develop the proposed model “Grounded Theory” initiated method was implemented. Data were collected through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Data analysis and coding were conducted using the open, axial, and selective coding methods. The results revealed five main contents (causal factors, background factors, interventionist factors, strategies and consequences) and 23 axial categories. The causal factors were categorized in cultural (gender equality, economic status, social factors) and psychological capitals (resiliency, hopefulness, self-efficacy and optimisms). The background factors (cultural upbringing, education and awareness, media), interventionist factors (stereotypical thinking, gender discrimination, cultural concern about appearance, lack of social support, injustice, economic constraints), strategies (cultural awareness enhancement, promotion of representation, infrastructure development, financial support), and consequences (individual dimensions, social dimensions, and cultural dimensions) were also considered. It could be concluded that cultural and psychological capitals would help to form positive attitudes towards women's involvement in athletics and increase women's empowerment and social development.
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