تحلیلی از تجربه به کارگیری «یادگیری مشارکتی» در آموزش عالی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسی
عظیمه سادات خاکباز
1
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عضو هیئت‌علمی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.
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کلید واژه: آموزش عالی, اقدام پژوهی, یادگیری مشارکتی, یادگیری همیارانه,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر به بررسی و تحلیل تجربه ای از به‌کارگیری یادگیری مشارکتی در آموزش عالی ایران پرداخته است. به این منظور، مطالعه ای طولی به روش اقدام پژوهی در دو نیمسال تحصیلی در یکی از دانشگاه‌های کشور و در رشته علوم تربیتی صورت گرفته است. مشارکت کنندگان پژوهش را دانشجویان دوره کارشناسی رشته علوم تربیتی تشکیل داده اند. داده های این پژوهش، از طریق پرسشنامه بسته و باز پاسخ، مصاحبه فردی و گروهی، مشاهده مشارکتی از کلاس درس و یادداشت های خود شرح‌حال‌نویسی استاد جمع آوری شده است. داده‌های کمّی با روش آمار توصیفی و داده های کیفی از طریق کدگذاری و مقوله بندی تحلیل شده اند. تلفیق تحلیل کمّی و کیفی نشانگر وجود دو نوع مقوله فرایند و برآیند در تبیین تجربه مذکور بود. مقوله فرایند، خود شامل زیرمقوله های گروه بندی، روش کار، تکالیف، روابط و تعاملات، احساس مسئولیت و جدی گرفتن فرایند یادگیری مشارکتی بود. مقوله ی برآیند نیز خود شامل زیرمقوله‌های مهارت ها و نگرش بود. درنهایت، پیشنهاد‌هایی نیز برای بهبود عمل از تحلیل داده ها استخراج شد که بر اساس آن ها مدل بهبود یافته ای برای عمل در آینده حاصل شد که خود، مقدمه اجرای پژوهش دیگری را فراهم می‌کند.
This research studied and analyzed an experience of applying cooperative learning in Iranian higher education. To this aim, a longitude study was done through action research in two academic semesters in one of the universities in educational science discipline. Participants of this research were bachelor students in educational science discipline. Data of this research were gathered by open and close response questionnaires, individual and group interviews, cooperative observation of classes and autobiographies of the professor. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by coding and making themes. Integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed two themes in this experience: "process" and "outcome". Process itself composed of subthemes named "grouping", "method", "assignments", "relations and interactions", "responsibility" and "get serious process of cooperative learning". Outcome also includes subthemes named "skills" and "attitudes". Finally, some recommendations were extracted from data analysis to betterment the practice upon which another improved model was obtained for future that provides the preparations of another research.
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