سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از عصاره گونه Ephedra intermedia و بررسی خواص آنتی اکسیدانی و ضدمیکروبی آن
سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از عصاره گونه Intermedia Ephedra
محورهای موضوعی : زیست فناوری میکروبی
مینا تترونتن 1 , سید محمد مهدی حمدی 2 , مریم ابراهیمی تاج آبادی 3
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی
3 - دانشگاه
کلید واژه: Ephedra , نانوذرات نقره , خواص ضد میکروبی , عصاره گیاهی, خواص آنتی اکسیدان,
چکیده مقاله :
سابقه و هدف: گونه Ephedra intermedia از خانواده Ephedraceae، گیاهی درختچه ای و جزو بازدانگان ابتدایی محسوب می شود. هدف از این مطالعه سنتز نانوذرات نقره از عصاره این گونه به منظور بررسی اثرات ضد میکروبی و آنتی اکسیدانی آن می باشد . مواد و روش ها: ابتدا عصاره متانولی تهیه شده و با استفاده از نمک نقره، نانوذره نقره سنتز گردید . براي تأیید نانوذرات نقره از دستگاه اسپکتروفتومتري و برای بررسی ابعاد و شکل آن از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی استفاده شد. برای بررسی ترکیبات آلی احتمالی که در سنتز نانوذرات نقش دارند آنالیز FTIR و برای تعیین غلظت نانو ذرات ،آنالیز توسطAAS انجام و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی به روش DPPH بررسی شد . به منظور ارزیابی فعالیت ضد میکروبی از MBCو MIC و روش دیسک گذاری استفاده گردید . یافته ها: نانو ذرات تولید شده به شکل کروي و در محدوده 89-30 نانومتر قرار داشتند و موثرترین گروه عاملی که در تولید آن نقش داشتند گروه هیدروکسیلی(O-H) و ترکیبات آلکنی (C=C) بودند و غلظت نانوذرات بیوسنتزی در25/2 میلی گرم بر لیتر نشان از غلظت بالای نانو درات سنتز شده دارد. نتایج آزمون MIC و MBC یکسان بود و غلظت آن 2000 میکروگرم در میلی لیتر بوده است. نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نانو ذره بیوسنتزی حاصل از Ephedra Intermedia نسبت به نانوذره تجاری تاثیر بیشتری در مهار رشد باکتری ها دارد از این رو میتواند به عنوان یک جایگزین در کاربردهای دارویی، پزشکی و ضدعفونی کننده ها مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Background & Objective: Ephedra intermedia species from the Ephedraceae family is a shrubby plant and is considered among the primitive plants. The aim of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles from the extract of this species in order to investigate its antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Materials and methods: First, methanolic extract was prepared and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using silver salt. A spectrophotometric device was used to verify silver nanoparticles and a scanning electron microscope was used to check its dimensions and shape. FTIR analysis was used to investigate the possible organic compounds involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles, and to determine the concentration of nanoparticles, the analysis was performed by AAS and the antioxidant properties were evaluated by the DPPH method. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, MBC and MIC and disking method were used. Results: The nanoparticles produced were spherical and in the range of 30-89 nm, and the most effective group of agents that played a role in its production were the hydroxyl group (O-H) and alkene compounds (C=C), and the concentration of biosynthetic nanoparticles was 2.25 mg/liter indicates a high concentration of synthesized nanowires. The results of MIC and MBC tests were the same and its concentration was 2000 μg/ml. Conclusion: The results of this research showed that the biosynthetic nanoparticle obtained from Ephedra Intermedia is more effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria than the commercial nanoparticle, so it can be used as an alternative in pharmaceutical, medical and disinfectant applications.
References
Mody VV, Siwale R, Singh A, Mody HR. Introduction to metallic nanoparticles. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2010; 2:282-9.
Karunakaran S, Ramanujam S, Gurunathan B. Green synthesized iron and iron-based nanoparticle in environmental and biomedical application: - a review. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:1003-1008.
Ghahreman, A. Plant Systematics: Cormophytes of Iran.Tehran University Press.1993; 2: 842p.
Hikino H, Konno C, Takata H, Tamada M. Anti-inflammatory principle of Ephedra Herbs. Chem Pharm Bull. 1980; 28: 2900- 2904.
El-Batal A, Amin M, Shehata MM, Hallol MM. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus stearothermophilus using gamma radiation and their antimicrobial activity. World Appl Sci J. 2013; 2:1-10
Christina Graf, Dirk L. J. Vossen, Arnout Imhof, and Alfons van Blaaderen, A General Method to Coat Colloidal Particles with Silica. 2003;19 6693-6700.
Ahmad, A., Mukherjee, P., Senapati, S., Mandal, D., Khan, M. I., Kumar, R., et al. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces. 2003; 28:313-318
Gudikandula K and Charya Maringanti S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical and biological methods and their antimicrobial properties J. Exp. Nanosci. 2016; 11: 714–21.
Rahman Gul, Syed Umer Jan, Syed Faridullah, Samiullah Sherani, and Nusrat Jahan. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Quantitative Analysis of Alkaloids, and Antioxidant Activity of Crude Plant Extracts fromEphedra intermedia Indigenous to Balochistan. 2017:1- 7
Dhand V., Soumya L., Bharadwaj S., Chakra S., Bhatt D., Sreedhar B... a Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Coffea arabica seed extract and its antibacterial activity. 2016; 58:36-43.
Vijayaraghavan, K., Yun, Y.S. Bacterial biosorbents and biosorption. Biotechnology Advances. 2008; 26: 266-291.
Rezaie H., Hamdi S.M.M., Mirzaie A... a Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Lonicera nummulariifolia and investigating its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects against lung cancer cell line A549. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2019; 21: 207-14.
Rajabi R., Hamdi S.M.M., Mirzaie A. .Comparative study of antibacterial, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Asparagus khorasanesis extract and commercial silver. J Neyshabur Univ Med Sci. 2019; 7:89-103.
Sarania Devi J., Valentin Bhimba B., Ratnam K. Invitro anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles synthesizes using the extract of Gelidiella Sp. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012; 4, Suppl 4: 710-715.
Froohi F., Mirzaee A., Hamdi S. M. M., NoorBazargan H., Hedayati M., Dollatabadi A., Rezaee H., Bishak F. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti quorum sensing activities of photosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated from Mespilus germanica extract again multidrug resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia clinical strains. Journal of Basic Microbiology. 2020:1-19.
Karimi J. and Mohsenzadeh S. Plant synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Achillea wilhelmsii Pharmaceutical plant. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20(111): 64-69.
Alipoor Birgani A, Sartipnia N, Hamdi SMM, Naghizadeh M1, Arasteh J. Antimicrobial Activity of Scabiosa Olivieri Extract and Its Effect on TNF-α and IL-1 Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Cells (PBMCs). Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2020; 9: 1749-1757.
Ravichandran V., Vasanthi S., alien Saleh SA., Tripathy M., Paliwa N. Green synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, antioxidant and photocatalytic activity of Parkia speciosa leaves extract mediated silver nanoparticles. Results in Physics. 2019;15.
Oumaima AL-Hilli, Farahnaz Molavi, Maryam Tehranipoor . Synergistic effect of silver oxide nanoparticles and probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on gene expression of MexX component of pump efflux system in drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Journal of Microbial World Volume 14, No. 3, December 2021
Assadi M... Ephedraceae in Flora of Iran. The research institute of Forests and Rangelands. 2001; 22;29-56
Hawthorne S, B. Grabanski C, Martin S, J. Miller D. Comparisons of Soxhlet extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction for environmental solids: recovery, selectivity, and effects on the sample matrix. J Chromatography A. 2000; 892:421–33.
Luque de Castro MD, GarcõÂa-Ayuso LE. Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future. Analytica Chimica Acta. 1998; 369:1-10.
Jacob SJ, Finub JS, Narayanan A. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Piper longum leaf extracts and its cytotoxic activity against Hep-2 cell line. Colloids and surfaces B, Biointerfaces. 2012; 91:212-14.
Shankar SS, Rai A, Ahmad A, Sastry M. Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au Core-Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2004; 275:496-502.
Nanda, A. and Saravanan, M. "Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE." Nanomedicine. 2009; 5: 452–456.
Pavia, D.L., Lampman, G.M., and Kriz, G.S. Introduction to Spectroscopy: A Guide for students in organic chemistry college publishing. 3rd edition. 2001; 579 pp.
Mahmoudi M, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Nabavi SF, Hafezi S, Nabavi SM, Eslami Sh. Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of gum mastic. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 2010; 14:765-769.
Li, W.R., Xie, X.B., Shi, Q.S., Duan, S.S., Ou-Yang, Y.S., and Chen, Y.B. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus. Biometals. 2011; 24:135-141.
Tran QH, Le AT. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, toxicology, applications, and perspectives. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2013;4(3).
Ahmad N, Sharma S, Alam MK, et al. Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the dried medicinal plant of basil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2010; 81:81-6.
Wong K. Y., ‘Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine”, 2012; 86: 935–940.
Savithramma N., Linga Rao M., Rukmini K. and Suvarnalatha devi P. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of Silver Nanoparticles synthesized by using Medicinal Plants. International Journal of ChemTech Research. 2011; 3:1394-1402.
Rustaiyan, A., Javidnia, K., Farjam., Aboee-Mehrizi, F., And Ezzatzadeh, E. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of the Ephedra Sarcocarpa Growing in Iran. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011; 5: 4251-4255.
Zahra Hojjati Bonab, Elhameh Nik khah . Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extract from Malva silvestans and Lowsonia inermis on intestinal bactria . Journal of Microbial World Volume 3, No. 3, Sep. 2010
Afifeh M. Antibacterial activity of silver, gold, and platin nanoparticles. The 3rd National Conference of Agricultural Biotechnology of Iran.
A.F. Abd E, Tahany M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2013; 9: 6437-40.
Reddy NJ, Nagoor Vagoor Vali D, Ranimand Rani Ss. Evaluation of antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of green synthesized silver nanoparticles by piper longum fruit mater. Sci Eng C Mater Biol. 2014; 1:115-122.