ارزیابی زیست محیطی آلودگی فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های منطقه شوراب (جنوب کاشمر- خراسان رضوی)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی خاکنفیسه ابراهیمی کارگرشیرازی 1 , سعید سعادت 2 , محمد جوانبخت 3
1 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زمین‌شناسی و مهندسی نفت، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی و مهندسی نفت، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی و مهندسی نفت، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
کلید واژه: فاکتور آلودگی, منطقه شوراب, کاشمر, فلزات سنگین, شاخص زمین انباشت,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در منطقه شوراب واقع در جنوب کاشمر نشانه هایی از ذخایر معدنی جیوه، سرب، آهن و مس گزارش شده که می تواند زمینه ساز آلودگی زیست محیطی باشد. هدف این تحقیق بررسی نحوه توزیع فلزات سنگین و ارزیابی فاکتورهای زمین انباشت و آلودگی برای این عناصر در رسوبات رودخانه ای منطقه شوراب کاشمر است. روش بررسی: پس از انجام مطالعات کتابخانه ای و پردازش تصاویر ماهواره ای، بررسی های زمین شناسی انجام گرفت و نهایتاً 21 نمونه از رسوبات رودخانه ای منطقه برداشت گردید. پس از تعیین بافت خاک و پارامترهای شوری،pH ،EC ، 14 نمونه برای بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین توسط دستگاه ICP-OS در آزمایشگاه زرآزما آزمایش شد. نتایج به دست آمده توسط نرم افزارهای GIS , Excel ,SPSS پردازش و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: به استثنای عناصر نقره، مس، کادمیوم، کبالت، کروم و نیکل که تا حدی آلودگی نشان می دهند، بقیه عناصر در منطقه به طور جدی نقش آلوده کننده ای ندارند. میزان pH از 5/7 تا 2/8 و میزان EC از 3 تا 5µs/cm و شوری 150 تا 2500 متناسب با هدایت الکتریکی متغیر است. بحث و نتیجه گیری: الگوی پراکندگی عناصر نیکل و کبالت و تا حدودی کروم در رسوبات رودخانه ای منطقه انطباق معینی با یکدیگر نشان می دهند. این امر می تواند با ترکیب سنگ شناسی بالا دست آبراهه ها که عمدتاً سنگ های ولکانیکی آندزیتی هستند، مرتبط باشد. عناصر سرب و روی عمدتاً در آبراهه ها و رسوبات بخش های شمالی و شرقی منطقه و عناصر آرسنیک و آنتیموان نیز در رسوبات شمال و شمال غربی تمرکز بیشتری نشان می دهند. این امر ممکن است مرتبط با کانی سازی های این نواحی باشد که تاکنون مورد توجه قرار نگرفته است.
Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of heavy metals and evaluating geo-accumulation and contamination factors on these elements in the stream sediments of Shourab Kashmar area. There are indications of some elements such as Mercury, Lead, Iron, and Copper that might be the cause for environmental pollution in this area. Method: After processing of satellite images and performing geological studies, 21 samples of stream sediments were gathered. By determining the salinity, pH, and EC parameters as well as the soil texture of samples, 14 samples were tested in order to study the concentration of heavy metals with the ICP-OS systems in the ZarAzma Laboratory. The collected results were processed and studied using GIS, SPSS, and Excel software. Findings: With the exception of the Silver, Copper, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, and Nickel elements which show some level of contamination, there is no evidence of environmental pollution, in the stream sediments in this area. The amount of pH from 7.5 to 8.2 and EC from 0.3 µs/cm to 5 µs/cm and salinity from 150 to 2500 are varying. Discussion and Conclusion: There is a similarity between the distribution of the Nickel, Cobalt, and to some degrees, Chromium in the stream sediments of the study area. This can be related to the volcanic rocks which are mainly intermediate in composition. The Lead and Zinc are mainly concentrated on the north and some towards east of the area, and the Arsenic and Antimony elements in the north and north-west of the study area. The origin of these elements could be connected to mineralization in this area, which has not been focused on so far.
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- Parvaresh, M., Mahdizadeh, H., Saadat, S., 2006, Investigation of origin and distribution of arsenic in water resources of Kuh-shorkh area (Kashmar). 25th Earth Science Congress, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Alawi Nejad, A., Saadat, S., Ariaee, A.A., 2015, Dispersion of Arsenic in the Chalpo mining Area (Northeastern Iran), 33th national symposium on earth sciences, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Tabasi, S., Abedi, A., 2012, A medical geology study of an arsenic-contaminated area in Kouhsorkh, NE Iran, Environ Geochem Health, Vol. 34, 171–179.
- 4-Taheri, J., Shamanian, Gh., 1998, geology map of 1:100000 Kashmar, Iran Geological Survey publication. (In Persian)
- Shahrabi, M., Hosseini, M., Shabani, K., 2006, geology map of 1:100000 Bardaskan, Iran Geological Survey publication. (In Persian)
- Engineering Company Exploration, 2002, Final report on the semi-specific exploration of mercury in Shahrooz Kashmar. Organization of Industries and Mines of Khorasan Province. (persian)
- Saadat, S., 2013, Report of the end of exploration operations of the first stage of copper exploration (Shoorab, Kashmar). Khorasan Razavi Mining and Trade Industry Organization. (In Persian)
- Turekian, K. K., wedepohl, K.H., 1961, Distribution of the elements in major units of the Earth, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 72, pp. 175-192.
- Kabata-Pendias, A., Mukherjee, A. B., 2007, Trace Elements from Soil to Human. Springer Science & Business Media, 550 pages.
- Gelogical survey of Iran, 1996, Regional geochemical exploration project of stream sediments in Semnan – Kashmar area.
- Folk, R.L., 1974, Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Hemphill publishing company. Austin. Texas, 182p.
- Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H., 1992, Trace element in soils and plants. 2 nd edition, CRC press, Boca Raton, FL.
- USEPA., 2012, Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Washington, DC: Office of Water, United State Environment Protection Agancy.
- WHO, World Health Report, 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva, World Health Organization.
- Dixit R, Malaviya D, Pandiyan K, Singh UB, Sahu A, Shukla R, 2015, Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: An overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability, Vol. 7(2), pp. 2189-2212.
- Ure, A.M. Berrow, M.L., 1982, The elemental constituents of soils; in H.J.M. Bowen (ed.), Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 2: Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp. 94-204.
- Foth, H. D., 1990, Fundamentals of soil science, eight edition. Michigan university, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471- 52279-1.
- Loska, K. Chebual, J. Pleczar, J. Wiechla, D. Kwapulinski, J., 1995, Use of environment and contamination factors togheder with geoaccmulation indexes to elevate the content of Cd, Cu and Ni in the Rybink water reservoir in Poland Water, Air and Soil pollution, 93, P 347-365.
- Adamo, P., Arenzo, M., Imperato, M., Naimo, D., Nardi, G., Stanzione, D., 2005, Distribution and partition of heavy metal in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naplescity Por, Chemosphere, Vol. 61, pp. 800-809.
- Bowen, H.J.M., 1979, Environmental Chemistry of the Elements, Academic Press, New York, 333p.
- Müller, G., 1969, Index of geoaccumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, Vol.2, pp.108-118.
22. Shayeste far, M., R., Rezaei A., 2011, Estimation of Pollution and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine Sediments Using Geochemical Data and Statistical Analysis. Journal of Mining Engineering, Sixth Edition, No. 11, pp. 25-34. (In Persian)
23. Bhuiyana, M. A. H., Parvez, L, Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., Suzukia, S., 2010, Heavy metal pollution of coal mine affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 173, pp. 384–392.