مطالعه و شبیه‌سازی کمّی دفع و ذخیره‌سازی دیاکسیدکربن در آبده مخازن نفتی
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی هواایمان درویشی 1 , محمد حسین غضنفری 2 , ریاض خراط 3
1 - کارشناس ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد، دانشکده مهندسی نفت، دانشگاه صنعت نفت، اهواز، ایران
کلید واژه: آبده مخازن, چاه عمودی و افقی, دفع دی اکسیدکربن, ذخیره سازی, شبیه سازی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تولید و انتشار روزافزون گازهای گلخانه‌ای باعث تغییرات آب و هوایی و همچین گرم شدن زمین گشته‌است. در نتیجه کاهش تولید گاز دیاکسیدکربن و یا دفع آن اهمیت فراوانی دارد که یکی از روش های رفع این مشکل تزریق دیاکسیدکربن در مخازن نفتی به منظور ازدیاد برداشت در هیدروکربن می باشد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، شبیه‌سازی دفع و ذخیره‌سازی دیاکسیدکربن در آبده یک مخزن نفتی توسط شبیه‌ساز تجاری به روش ترکیبی انجام شده‌است. چاه‌های تزریقی در بخش آبده تکمیل و آبده متصل به مخزن توسط مدل فتکویچ شبیه‌سازی شده و تحت چهار سناریوی تزریق توسط چاه‌های عمودی و افقی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شده است. یافته‌ها: تزریق و ذخیره‌سازی دیاکسیدکربن در آبده در حالت‌های مختلف مانند گاز آزاد، گاز به دام افتاده، گاز حل شده در آب و ذخیره‌سازی به عنوان مواد معدنی جامد امکان‌پذیر می‌باشد که در این مطالعه حالت گاز بدام‌افتاده و گاز آزاد با توجه به شرایط پروژه و نیز داده‌های خروجی نتیجه‌بخش بود. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی گواه آن است که چاه‌های افقی پتانسیل بهتری نسبت به چاه های عمودی به منظور ذخیره‌سازی می‌باشند، به طوری که برای تزریق حجم مشخصی از دیاکسیدکربن در یک مخزن مفروض، دو چاه افقی (11+e3/3 مترمکعب استاندارد) یا شش چاه عمودی (11+e9/6 مترمکعب استاندارد) مورد نیاز می‌باشد و با استناد به نتایج شبیه سازی، اگرچه تکمیل چاه در قسمت فوقانی دارای بازده بیش تر بوده است اما به دلیل اهمیت ماندگاری گاز در مخزن، تکمیل در قسمت تحتانی پیشنهاد می‌شود.
Background and Objective: Generation and emission of greenhouse gases in air has caused climate changes and global heating. So, it is really important to reduce greenhouse gases generation or to dispose them. Injection of CO2 in hydrocarbon formations in order to EOR in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and in aquifers is one of the disposal ways. Method: In this project using commercial simulator CO2 Sequestration in an oil reservoir aquifer has been simulated in compositional way. Reservoir connected aquifer has been simulated using Fetkovich model and injection wells are completed in aquifer section. Simulation has been performed under four different scenarios in vertical and horizontal wells. Findings: CO2 injection and storage in aquifer are possible in different cases like free gas, sequestrated (entrapped) gas, gas solved in water and storage as solid minerals that with regards the conditions in this study, entrapped gas and free gas were resultful. Discussion and Conclusion: Results show better potential for this end for horizontal wells than vertical wells, which two horizontal (3.3e+11 sm3) wells or six vertical wells (6.9e+11) are required to inject and store specified volume of CO2 and due to the importance of well completion and durability of gas in reservoir, down completion is suggested.
- Cakici M. D., Co-optimization of oil recovery and carbon dioxide storage, Graduate Thesis, Stanfor University, pp. 1-2 and 51-52, 2003.
- IPCC Special Report, Carbon dioxide capture and storage, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 19, 197-202 and 208, 2005.
- Gupta A., Capacity and constraints for carbon dioxide sequestration in aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs in carbonate environment, SPE 135595, 2010.
- Energy Management Group, Hydrocarbon balance sheet of the country, 2008, International Institute for Energy Studies, p. 511, 2009. (In Persian)
- Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2016 Report, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Http://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2016-report.
- Gunter, W.D., Bachu, S., Law, D.H.-S., Marwaha, V., Drysdale, D.L., MacDonald, D.E., and McCann, T.J., Technical and economic feasibility of CO2 disposal in aquifers within the Alberta sedimentary basin, Canada Energy Conversion & Management, 37:1135-1142, 1996.
- Han, W.S. and McPherson, B.J., Optimizing geologic CO2 sequestration by injection in deep saline formations below oil reservoirs. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(10): 2570-2582. 2009.
- Bachu, S. et al., CO2 storage capacity estimation: Methodology and gaps. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 1(4): 430-443, 2007.
- Bachu, S., Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change. Energy Conversion & Management, 41: 953-970, 2000.
- S.L. Bryant, S. Lakshminarasimhan, G.A.Pope, Buoyancy Dominated Multiphase Flow and Its Impact on Geological Sequestration of CO2.SPE 99938, the 2006 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 22–26 April 2006.
- Ülker, E.B., Alkan, H., Pusch, G.: Implications of the phase-solubility behaviour on the performance predictions of the CO2 trapping in depleted gas reservoirs and aquifers. In: SPE 107189-MS SPE/EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, UK, 11–14 June 2007.
- Kumar, A., R. Ozah, M. Noh, G. A. Pope, S. Bryant, K. Sepehrnoori and L. W. Lake. “Reservoir Simulation of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers,” SPE 89343 presented at SPE/DOE 14th Symp. Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, 17-21 Apr. 2004.
- Pruess, K., Xu, T., Apps, J., and Garcia, J., "Numerical Modeling of Aquifer Disposal of CO2," SPE Journal, SPE 83695, pp 49-60, March 2003.
- Bachu, S., Gunter, W. D., and Perkins, E. H., "Aquifer Disposal of CO2: Hydrodynamic and Mineral Trapping," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol 35, pp 269–279, 1994.
- Jamshidi S. et al, "Simultaneous Optimization of Gas Extraction and Carbon Dioxide Storage in Natural Gas Reservoirs", Journal of Oil Research, No. 82, pp. 191-200, November 2013. (In Persian)
- Yee Soong, Bret H. Howard, Sheila W. Hedges, Igor Haljasmaa, Robert P. Warzinski, Gino Irdi,Thomas R. McLendon, “CO2 Sequestration in Saline Formation” Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol 14: pp 522–532, 2014.
- Seyyed Mostafa Jafari Rad et al., Simulation of natural displacement in acid extraction process into the aquifer, Oil Research Journal, June 2012. (In Persian)
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- Cakici M. D., Co-optimization of oil recovery and carbon dioxide storage, Graduate Thesis, Stanfor University, pp. 1-2 and 51-52, 2003.
- IPCC Special Report, Carbon dioxide capture and storage, Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 19, 197-202 and 208, 2005.
- Gupta A., Capacity and constraints for carbon dioxide sequestration in aquifers and depleted oil/gas reservoirs in carbonate environment, SPE 135595, 2010.
- Energy Management Group, Hydrocarbon balance sheet of the country, 2008, International Institute for Energy Studies, p. 511, 2009. (In Persian)
- Trends in global CO2 emissions: 2016 Report, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Http://www.pbl.nl/en/publications/trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2016-report.
- Gunter, W.D., Bachu, S., Law, D.H.-S., Marwaha, V., Drysdale, D.L., MacDonald, D.E., and McCann, T.J., Technical and economic feasibility of CO2 disposal in aquifers within the Alberta sedimentary basin, Canada Energy Conversion & Management, 37:1135-1142, 1996.
- Han, W.S. and McPherson, B.J., Optimizing geologic CO2 sequestration by injection in deep saline formations below oil reservoirs. Energy Conversion and Management, 50(10): 2570-2582. 2009.
- Bachu, S. et al., CO2 storage capacity estimation: Methodology and gaps. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 1(4): 430-443, 2007.
- Bachu, S., Sequestration of CO2 in geological media: criteria and approach for site selection in response to climate change. Energy Conversion & Management, 41: 953-970, 2000.
- S.L. Bryant, S. Lakshminarasimhan, G.A.Pope, Buoyancy Dominated Multiphase Flow and Its Impact on Geological Sequestration of CO2.SPE 99938, the 2006 SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 22–26 April 2006.
- Ülker, E.B., Alkan, H., Pusch, G.: Implications of the phase-solubility behaviour on the performance predictions of the CO2 trapping in depleted gas reservoirs and aquifers. In: SPE 107189-MS SPE/EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition, UK, 11–14 June 2007.
- Kumar, A., R. Ozah, M. Noh, G. A. Pope, S. Bryant, K. Sepehrnoori and L. W. Lake. “Reservoir Simulation of CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers,” SPE 89343 presented at SPE/DOE 14th Symp. Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, 17-21 Apr. 2004.
- Pruess, K., Xu, T., Apps, J., and Garcia, J., "Numerical Modeling of Aquifer Disposal of CO2," SPE Journal, SPE 83695, pp 49-60, March 2003.
- Bachu, S., Gunter, W. D., and Perkins, E. H., "Aquifer Disposal of CO2: Hydrodynamic and Mineral Trapping," Energy Conversion and Management, Vol 35, pp 269–279, 1994.
- Jamshidi S. et al, "Simultaneous Optimization of Gas Extraction and Carbon Dioxide Storage in Natural Gas Reservoirs", Journal of Oil Research, No. 82, pp. 191-200, November 2013. (In Persian)
- Yee Soong, Bret H. Howard, Sheila W. Hedges, Igor Haljasmaa, Robert P. Warzinski, Gino Irdi,Thomas R. McLendon, “CO2 Sequestration in Saline Formation” Aerosol and Air Quality Research, Vol 14: pp 522–532, 2014.
- Seyyed Mostafa Jafari Rad et al., Simulation of natural displacement in acid extraction process into the aquifer, Oil Research Journal, June 2012. (In Persian)