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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - مقایسه ترکیبات فرار جمعیت‌هایی از گیاه دارویی Eryngium noeanum Boiss. و Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. در ایران
عبدالباسط محمودی محمد تقی عبادی مهدی عیاری نوش آبادیدر این مطالعه اندام هوایی گونه Eryngium noeanum Boiss. با نام فارسی ” زول بیابانی“، از چهار رویشگاه مختلف الموت (AL) (استان قزوین)، گردنه آهوان (AH) (سمنان)، رازقان (RZ) (مرکزی) و گردنه بشم (BA) (سمنان) و گونه Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. از اطراف روستای نیک پ چکیده کاملدر این مطالعه اندام هوایی گونه Eryngium noeanum Boiss. با نام فارسی ” زول بیابانی“، از چهار رویشگاه مختلف الموت (AL) (استان قزوین)، گردنه آهوان (AH) (سمنان)، رازقان (RZ) (مرکزی) و گردنه بشم (BA) (سمنان) و گونه Eryngium iranicum Mozaff. از اطراف روستای نیک پی (NP) (زنجان) به ترتیب با ارتفاع 1600، 1980، 2450، 2150 و 1400 متر ازسطح دریا در تیر ماه سال 1397 جمع آوری گردید. نمونه های گیاهی خشک شده در سایه، با روش تقطیر با آب توسط کلونجر اسانس‌گیری شد. آنالیز کیفی و کمی اسانس به ترتیب توسط دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC-MS) و دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC-FID) انجام شد. محتوای اسانس به‌ترتیب، 0/3، 0/4، 0/55، 0/2 و 0/1 درصد (وزنی/وزنی) برای AL، AH، RZ، BA و NP بود. مهمترین ترکیبات نمونه اسانس ها شامل: آمورفا-11،4-داین (14/0، 17/6، 9/0 و 13/6 درصد)، گاما-سلینن (21/5، 40/5، 23/1 و 35/7 درصد)، اسپاتولنول (4/6، 0/7، 6/4 و 5/5 درصد)، اودیسم-7(11)-اِن-4-اُل (3/4، 0/5، 6/7 و 4/4 درصد) و سیس-فالکارینول (20/3، 1/0، 20/0 و 15/2 درصد) به ترتیب برای نمونه های AL، AH، RZ و BA بود. همچنین در نمونه NP مهمترین ترکیبات نمونه اسانس شامل: اِن-اُکتانال (12/8 درصد)، میرتنول (12/5 درصد) و سیس-فالکارینول (13/5 درصد) بود. عمده ترکیبات موجود در اسانس گونه E. noeanum در جمعیت های مختلف را سزکوئی ترپن ها (حدود 90-70 درصد) و عمده ترکیبات اسانس E. iranicum را ترکیبات غیرترپنی (56 درصد) تشکیل می دهد. زول بیابانی از دسته گیاهان دارویی مرتعی و بومی ایران، که کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. علیرغم ظاهری تیغ دار، دارای پیکره رویشی بزرگ، درصد اسانس قابل قبول و همچنین ترکیبات سزکوئی ترپنی و پلی استیلنی ارزشمندی است که می تواند در میان اسانس های تجاری دنیا قرار بگیرد. همچنین پایه تحقیقات متعدد دیگر در حوزه های مختلف باشد. مطالعات بیولوژیک بر ترکیبات اسانس این گیاه، می‌تواند به تعیین معیار کیفیت و استاندارد سازی آن کمک بسیار زیادی کند. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of some Rangeland Plants Species by <i>in vitro</i> Gas Production and Fermentation Parameters in Torbat-e Jam, Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression
E. Ibrahimi Khoram Abadi M. KazemiThe current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientific چکیده کاملThe current study aimed to evaluate the nutritional potential of some rangeland plants by in vitro gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation parameters in the Torbat-e Jam region using a meta-analysis approach. A comprehensive literature searches in the scientific databases was carried out to identify studies that investigated the variables of interest. The data analyzed were extracted from 13 peer-reviewed publications. The effect size of all outcomes was reported as a standardized means difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Q test and I2 were calculated to determine the heterogeneity, and a meta-regression was also used to investigate sources of heterogeneity. A significant increase for 24 h in vitro gas production (IVGP) was observed (P<0.01). Among the estimated gas parameters, potential GP (bgas) and fractional rate of GP (cgas) were increased significantly (P<0.05). Also, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (P<0.05), microbial protein yield (MPY) (P<0.01), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.01) of culture medium were increased. The values of I2 (>50) and Q (P<0.05) for 24 h IVGP, bgas, cgas, SCFA, MPY and NH3-N indicated high heterogeneity. No publication bias was found for 24 h IVGP, bgas, and SCFA. With the evaluation of funnel plots, only one study on the right of each plot indicates publication bias for cgas, MPY, and NH3-N. A strong regression relation (P<0.01) between some chemical compositions (dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) and MPY and NH3-N was suggested from meta-regression analysis. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis confirmed that there were differences in fermentation parameters among all rangeland plants. However, all plants species had a relatively high potential nutritive value. According to the reported fermentation parameters, it seems that most of the Torbat-e Jam rangeland plants species have high nutritional value in small ruminant feeding. More in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to assess the other nutritive values and their effects on animal performance. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - Nutritive Value of Some Rangeland Plants Compared to Medicago sativa
Mohsen Kazemi Reza ValizadehAwareness of the forage nutritive value of rangeland species is important to provide a balanced diet in order to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants and to determine the suitable grazing time and rangeland grazing capacity. Hence, different laboratory methods چکیده کاملAwareness of the forage nutritive value of rangeland species is important to provide a balanced diet in order to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants and to determine the suitable grazing time and rangeland grazing capacity. Hence, different laboratory methods were used to compare the nutritional value of Centaurea cyanus, Fumaria officinalis, Galium tricornutum and Vicia sativa as compared to Medicago sativa. Whole plant samples just before flowering were randomly collected from different rangelands of Torbat-e Jam in spring 2018. The means of Crude Protein (CP), Ether Extract (EE), Crude Fiber (CF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Organic Matter (OM), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL), Nitrogen-Free Extract (NFE) and Non-Fiber Carbohydrates (NFC) of five studied plants were 19.67, 1.79, 19.16, 35.96, 27.20, 86.98, 9.95, 46.36 and 29.56% of dry matter (DM), respectively. The macro and micro elements were in a reasonable range as compared to Medicago sativa. The in vitro organic matter degradability (IVOMD), in vitro dry matter degradability (IVDMD), 24 h in vitro gas production (24 h IVGP), metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEl) were the highest in Centaurea cyanus and Galium tricornutum, respectively. Differences in fermentation parameters (NH3-N, total volatile fatty acids: TVFA and pH) were observed in the media following incubation of plants. The 24 h IVGP was positively correlated (P<0.0001) with IVOMD, IVDMD and TVFA and negatively with ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N; P<0.0001), crude protein (CP; P<0.01) and ether extract (EE; P<0.05). The results indicated that all rangeland plants studied in this experiment had a favorite nutritional value compared to Medicago sativa. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Prioritization of Rangeland Species Functions with Emphasis on Indigenous Knowledge of Range Holders (Case study: Titoeieh Area in Baft Township, Kerman, Iran)
Hossein Arzani Nahid Hamzehnejad Reza Bagheri Seyed Akbar JavadiPrioritizing the rangeland plants for ecological functions is one of the main concerns in the operation of multifunctional rangelands. Considering that the use of various functions of plant species in rangelands can lead to higher renter's income and change single-livel چکیده کاملPrioritizing the rangeland plants for ecological functions is one of the main concerns in the operation of multifunctional rangelands. Considering that the use of various functions of plant species in rangelands can lead to higher renter's income and change single-livelihoods to multi-livelihoods. This research aims to prioritize the rangeland plants using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and VIKOR software on the basis of indigenous knowledge of ranchers during 2017-2018 in Titoeieh rangelands of Baft Township, Kerman, Iran. The results, based on analyzing the hierarchical method of questionnaires on 29 plant species revealed that the coefficients of importance of plant species for kinds of functions including forage, medicinal, beauty, beekeeping and soil conservation were different. In this regard, there was no unique plant with similar coefficients of importance for all functions. Vikor scenario illustrated that scoring 0.25 coefficients to the forage production function (and giving remain one to others as equal coefficient) resulted in Artemisia aucheri species as the first priority species, priority even when the yield of forage functions scored by 0.25 and o.50 and 0.75 coefficients. Furthermore, by giving these coefficients to other functions, Artemisia aucheri was allocated as the first rank with the exception of scenarios 8 and 13 (scored respectively 0.5 and 0.75 to beauty function associated with the remains to other functions) that resulted in Amygdalus scoparia as the first one. According to indigenous knowledge, ground reality and scenario making results, it can be concluded that since Artemisia aucheri was ranked in the first priority species at almost all scenarios, it can be thinkable and manageable in the multiple use of rangeland. According to extensive habitats of Artemisia aucheri in mountainous rangelands of Iran, this research can be applicable for increasing the income of range holders with holistic view. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Determining Ecological Thresholds in Saline Habitats on Western Shore of Lake Urmia, Iran
Javad Motamedi Esmaeil Sheidai-KarkajIn temporal and spatial patterns, the critical (ecological) thresholds have rapid changes in ecological gradient. Determination of thresholds along the environmental gradients can help to control destructive factors and therefore, the success in restoration projects can چکیده کاملIn temporal and spatial patterns, the critical (ecological) thresholds have rapid changes in ecological gradient. Determination of thresholds along the environmental gradients can help to control destructive factors and therefore, the success in restoration projects can be guaranteed. This study was conducted to evaluate the trend of changes in functional and structural indices along soil salinity gradient and to determine the ecological thresholds in saline habitats of Uremia Lake, Iran, in the growing season of 2019 and 2020. Landscape Function Analyses (LFA) guideline was used to evaluate the sites. The values of the indices were fitted with the pattern diagrams (S-shaped curves). The habitat restoration process after five years of range management and development projects was evaluated and ecological thresholds were determined. The results showed that the values of the functional and structural indices decrease along the salinity gradient and the lowest values were observed at the end points of the gradient. As a result, the success of range development projects was lower at salinity center. The results of the S-shaped curve models showed that the regression relationship between landscape organization index and nutrient cycle with eleven soil indices along the salinity gradient was not significant and their determinant coefficients were less than 50 %. On the other hand, there was a strong relationship between the index of stability and permeability with the salinity gradient, with determinant coefficients of 83 and 63%, respectively so that the values of these two indices decreased significantly when approaching the salinity center. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
6 - Investigation of the Nutritional Potential of a Pasture Plant Species (Cyperus rotundus L.) at Different Growth Stages Under In Vitro and Standard Laboratory Studies
Mohsen KazemiCyperus rotundus L. (C. rotundus) is a medicinal plant and a species of sedge (Cyperaceae family) that grows in different world rangelands, especially in Iran. The nutritional aspects of this plant have not been scientifically investigated by animal science nutritionist چکیده کاملCyperus rotundus L. (C. rotundus) is a medicinal plant and a species of sedge (Cyperaceae family) that grows in different world rangelands, especially in Iran. The nutritional aspects of this plant have not been scientifically investigated by animal science nutritionists. Therefore, the C. rotundus's nutritional potential at three growth stages by different standard laboratory methods was investigated. Different amounts of chemical-mineral compositions were observed among the various growth stages of C. rotundus. The dry matter (18.86–25.15 % of fresh weight), crude protein (10.51–14.40 % of DM), neutral detergent fiber (27.42–33.40 %), acid detergent fiber (18.75–24.83 %), ash (10.95–13.40 %), and non-fiber carbohydrates (41.01–45.14 %) contents of C. rotundus differed among three growth stages (P < 0.05). The different contents of minerals (sodium: 2.37–2.88 g/kg of DM; calcium: 4.19–4.77 g; phosphorus: 1.20–1.36 g; magnesium: 2.50–2.99 g; potassium: 27.10–29.33 g; manganese: 45.13–54.12 mg/kg of DM; iron: 470–527 mg; and zinc: 13.40–18.07 mg) were also observed among three growth stages of C. rotundus. The highest content of potential gas production (47.66 ml/200 mg of DM) was observed in C. rotundus at the vegetative stage (P < 0.05). The amounts of 24 h dry matter digestibility (47.97 %), 24 h organic dry matter digestibility (43.30 %), metabolizable energy (4.54 MJ/kg of DM), net energy for lactation (2.14 MJ/kg of DM), and dry matter intake (4.38 % of body weight) were the highest in the vegetative stage of C. rotundus. Regarding C. rotundas's relatively favorite potential nutritional, it was concluded that it can meet some of the nutrient requirements of small ruminants at the maintenance level. The vegetative stages exhibited better nutritional values compared to the other two growth stages. This plant can be nutritionally comparable to corn silage as a commonly used forage in small ruminants' feeding. پرونده مقاله
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