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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Improving Growth and Performance of Young Almond Trees in Nursery by Optimizing Mineral Nutrition
Masoud Shafiei Hossein Ali Asadi-Gharneh Soheil KarimiShort growing season restricts production of standard-sized fruit trees in nurseries at cold regions. Enhancing plant growth by optimizing program of mineral nutrition may solve the problem. This study evaluated efficiency of fertilizers [urea, sulfur coated urea (SCU), چکیده کاملShort growing season restricts production of standard-sized fruit trees in nurseries at cold regions. Enhancing plant growth by optimizing program of mineral nutrition may solve the problem. This study evaluated efficiency of fertilizers [urea, sulfur coated urea (SCU), or foliar applications of a NPK compound fertilizer] for optimizing the growth of seedling rootstocks and grafted young almond trees at the nursery in a cold region. At the end of the first growing season, the growth and quality of the almond seedlings were evaluated and they were budded in September. At the following season, the treatments were repeated on the grafted trees and grafting success and performance of the young almond trees were evaluated. The result showed that application of 600 kg ha-1 SCU and urea were the most successful treatments on enhancing the growth of the seedlings. Application of 400 and 600 kg ha-1 urea and SCU, and 30 kg ha-1 NPK resulted in the highest grafting success at the second season. The largest shoots of scion were found in the 400-600 kg ha-1 urea and SCU treatments. The highest leaf greenness and chlorophyll concentration were found in the 600 kg SCU ha-1 and 30 kg ha-1 NPK treatments. The highest leaf potassium and phosphorus concentrations were found in 30 kg ha-1 NPK treatment. The highest leaf nitrogen concentration was detected in treated plants with 400 and 600 kg SCU and 600 kg urea per hectare. According to the results, application of 400 kg ha-1 SCU is recommended to obtain young standard-sized almond plants in the nurseries. پرونده مقاله -
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2 - Diversity of Nut and Kernel Weight, Oil Content, and the Main Fatty Acids of some Almond Cultivars and Genotypes
Sohila Khojand Mehrshad Zeinalabedini Reza Azizinezhad Ali Imani Mohammad Reza GhaffariTo investigate the effects of cultivars on dry nut weight, kernel weight, oil content, and the main fatty acids of some cultivars and genotypes of almond, this study was conducted in 2019 in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The findings reveale چکیده کاملTo investigate the effects of cultivars on dry nut weight, kernel weight, oil content, and the main fatty acids of some cultivars and genotypes of almond, this study was conducted in 2019 in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The findings revealed that the influence of genotype on all measured traits is significant. The results of oil content showed that D124 had the highest values in terms of oil content. Also, examination of kernel weight shows that there are significant differences between cultivars. So that the highest amount of kernel weight is related to genotype D at 2.19 grams, while the lowest amount of kernel weight is related to A5-17genotype at 0.52 grams. The investigation of nut weight analysis showed that genotype D had the highest value (6.40grams). All the traits considered in this research can be said that the D124 genotype and cultivars of Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, and Ruby respectively had oil content of 62.24, 62.12, 61.62, 60.41 and. 60.29 percent. In total, regarding to the all traits considered in this study, genotype D124 in the amount of 62.24% and then cultivars, Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, Ruby with oil values of 62.12%, 61.62%, 60.41% and 60.29, respectively. Also, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in D124, Sahand, Shahroud 6, Saba, and Ruby were (5.44, 73.30 and 21.14%), (4.85, 76.33, and 18.48%), (5.64, 80.11 and 14.31%), (5.30, 73.89 and 20.80%) and (5.21, 77.44, and 16.32%) respectively. These are identified as the best cultivars and genotypes in terms of food quality in the climatic conditions of Karaj, which can be used for nutritional or technical applications to provide conditions for almond production and cultivation development. پرونده مقاله -
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3 - Application of Random Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphism (RAMP) in Prunus Characterization and Mapping
M. Rasouli P. Martínez-Gómez R. KarimiRandom amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) is a PCR-based marker which uses a combination of two classes of markers: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and Random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD) markers. RAMP has been demonstrated to be a potentially valuable molec چکیده کاملRandom amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMP) is a PCR-based marker which uses a combination of two classes of markers: Simple sequence repeat (SSR) and Random amplified DNA polymorphism (RAPD) markers. RAMP has been demonstrated to be a potentially valuable molecular marker for the study of genetic relationships in cultivated plant species. The objective of this study was to optimize the application of RAMP markers for the molecular characterization of a F1 almond progeny from the cross between ‘Tuono’ and ‘Shahrood-12’ cultivar. In this first study, genomic DNA was extracted from young leaf tissues and PCR reactions were done using two nuclear SSR markers (assaying forward and reverse primers) and two selected RAPD primers. In addition, to check the transferability of these RAMP markers across Prunus genus, a F1 apricot progeny from the cross between the North American cultivar ‘Goldrich’ and the Spanish ‘Currot’ was assayed. Results showed the dominant nature of these markers with a great abundance and transferability although with a reduced polymorphism. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Self-incompatibility in the Iranian Almond Cultivar ‘Mamaei’ Using Pollen Tube Growth, Fruit Set and PCR Technique
A. Mousavi R. Babadaei R. Fatahi Z. Zamani F. Dicenta E. OrtegaSelf-incompatibility has been studied by using controlled pollination, pollen tube growth and PCR methods in the Iranian almond ‘Mamaei.’. Pollen tube growth and fruit set following self and cross-pollination treatments were evaluated. The percentage of in چکیده کاملSelf-incompatibility has been studied by using controlled pollination, pollen tube growth and PCR methods in the Iranian almond ‘Mamaei.’. Pollen tube growth and fruit set following self and cross-pollination treatments were evaluated. The percentage of initial and final fruit set was determined for each treatment at 30 and 60 days after controlled pollination. Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were assessed by fluorescence microscopy at different times after self and cross pollination. Results showed that the percentage of the final fruit set was 0% after self-pollination, while values of 16.34%, 17.22%, 19.12%, and 21.15% were determined after cross-pollination with ‘Azar’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Shahrood-21’, and ‘Sefied’ cultivars as pollen sources, respectively. After 192 hours, observation of pollen tube growth showed that the percentage of reached pollen tubes at the style base from cross-pollination was significant but there were not any reached pollen tubes from self-pollination. According to the results of controlled pollination and pollen tube growth ‘Mamaei’ is self-incompatible. S-RNase assay was used to confirm these results. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from ‘Mamaei’ with EM-PC2consFD and EM-PC3consRD primers revealed the presence of two DNA fragments of sizes around 850 bp and 1250 bp on agarose gels. The size of the smaller fragment is similar to that of S25 almond RNase, while the size of the other fragment is different from all S1-S30 RNase alleles. S-genotype can be regarded as S25S x , with Sx being a new SRNase allele. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
5 - Optimization of the Analysis of Almond DNA Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) Through Submarine Electrophoresis Using Different Agaroses and Staining Protocols
M. Rasouli A. Mousavi B. Mohammadparast P. Martínez-GómezSimple sequence repeat (SSR markers or microsatellites), based on the specific PCR amplification of DNA sequences, are becoming the markers of choice for molecular characterization of a wide range of plants because of their high polymorphism, abundance, and codominant i چکیده کاملSimple sequence repeat (SSR markers or microsatellites), based on the specific PCR amplification of DNA sequences, are becoming the markers of choice for molecular characterization of a wide range of plants because of their high polymorphism, abundance, and codominant inheritance. Different methods have been used for the analysis of the SSR amplified fragments being submarine agarose electrophoresis the more suitable method for the routine application. In this work we have performed a comparative study of the utilization of four different types of low melting (Metaphor®, Sea Kem®, and MS-8®) and regular (LD-2®) agaroses and two different staining protocols using Ethidium Bromide and Gel Red Nucleic Acid Gel Sating®. Almond cultivars assayed included the Spanish cultivars ‘Antoñeta’, ‘Marta’, ‘Penta’, ‘Tardona’ ‘Desmayo’ and ‘Guara’, the French cultivars ‘Ferragnés’ and ‘R1000’, the USA cultivar ‘Mission’, the Tunisian cultivar ‘Achaak’, the Italian cultivar ‘Tuono’ and the Australian cultivar ‘Chellaston’. SSR detection using Metaphor® agarose gel electrophoresis was the most efficient with higher resolution and would be able to resolve most of allelic variation in comparison with the other three agaroses assayed. In addition, gel staining using Ethidium Bromide showed similar results than the GelRedTM Nucleic Acid Gel Stain® although it is much more toxic. The use of MetaPhor® agarose and GelRedTM Nucleic Acid Gel Stain® appears good indicated for molecular characterization of mapping of population due to its good resolution in comparison with the rest of agaroses, less toxicity in comparison with the use of Ethidium Bromide, and lower cost and easier routine application in comparison with the automatic capillary sequencing. پرونده مقاله -
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6 - The Study of Phenotypic Variation of ‘Shahrood ’ × ‘Shahrood ’ Population and their Comparison with the Parents using Morphological Markers
R. Tavakoli Banizi A. Imani M. Zeinalabedini M. Rasouli A. Ebrahimi S. PiriThe plant genetic resources are important, because they have most valuable national basis resources in the each country. In this study, to grouping the almond progenies from ‘Shahrood ’ × ‘Shahrood ’ and comparing them in terms of heritabil چکیده کاملThe plant genetic resources are important, because they have most valuable national basis resources in the each country. In this study, to grouping the almond progenies from ‘Shahrood ’ × ‘Shahrood ’ and comparing them in terms of heritability with their parents, measured on the basis of almond universal descriptor. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compare morphological and phonological traits among study progenies. The important traits frequency such as flowering time, tree size, resistance to frost, growth habit, flower density and leaving time in all hybrid population and compare them with their parents showed their asymmetric distribution among them. The simple correlation coefficients traits showed that among some measured traits was a significant positive correlation. In other hand, the eigenvalue variance percentage and cumulative variance showed the among measure traits, three independent factors that their eigenvalue were more than seven, they could justified of total variance. Also the results of cluster analysis all cultivars were divided into three main groups. some of progenies likes ‘Shahrood ’ in third group, some other likes ‘Shahrood ’were in second group and some other that expression of phenotypic traits were additive mode, incomplete dominance or over dominance in first group. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
7 - Screening of Almond Hybrids for Drought Tolerance Using some Morphological and Physiological Traits
Arvin Abdini Ali Imani Mousa Rasouli Mehrshad Zinalabdini Vahid AbdoosiIn this research, twenty-two selected almond hybrids with their parents ‘A1-99’ (drought-sensitive) and ‘Tuono’ (relatively tolerant against drought), were investigated for screening drought tolerance using some morphological and physiological tr چکیده کاملIn this research, twenty-two selected almond hybrids with their parents ‘A1-99’ (drought-sensitive) and ‘Tuono’ (relatively tolerant against drought), were investigated for screening drought tolerance using some morphological and physiological traits. This research was carried out in a complete randomized design with three replications at the Temperate Fruit Research Center of Horticultural Sciences Research Institute (HSRI) in years of 2014 and 2015. The results showed that by applying severe drought stress (30% FC), some morphological and physiological characteristics such as chlorophyll index (ChI), relative water content (RWC) of leaf decreased, while electrolyte leakage (EL) and Quantum efficiency of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm) increased. According to results, there were significant differences among genotypes, for example range of Fv/Fm among the selected hybrids varied from 550 to 879. Frequency of drought tolerance showed that 77. 27% of hybrids were susceptible to relatively susceptible and 22.72% were tolerant to relatively tolerant. Finally, according to the results from this study, ‘DT19’ hybrid was recognized as the most sensitive and ‘DT1’ hybrid was known as the most tolerant hybrid that could be introduced as promising and tolerant to drought stress for utilizing in the breeding programs. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
8 - Identification of DNA Markers Linked to Blooming Time in Almond
Mousa Rasouli Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghaddam Ali Imani Zabihollah Zamani Pedro Martínez-GómezIn this study flowering time and other important morphologic traits were evaluated during two years in F1 almond progenies of seventy two seedlings from cross between the intermediate flowering Italian cultivar ‘Tuono’ and the extra-late blooming Iranian cul چکیده کاملIn this study flowering time and other important morphologic traits were evaluated during two years in F1 almond progenies of seventy two seedlings from cross between the intermediate flowering Italian cultivar ‘Tuono’ and the extra-late blooming Iranian cultivar ‘Shahrood-12’. A modified-bulk segregant analysis in combination with the application of the 140 RAPD primers, 87 nuclear SSR markers spanning the whole almond genome and 5 chloroplast SSR markers, were used to identify molecular markers linked to flowering time. Results showed a quantitative inheritance of this trait in the studied progenies. The seedlings showed a wide range of flowering dates between both progenitors although some of these descendants were earlier in flowering than the early progenitor ‘Tuono’. Results showed that among RAPD markers evaluated, BA-17600,1000, BC-05320, BC-06800, BC-141750, BC-17600, BC-20250, OPC-05850 and OPC-09700,1100 markers were linked to late blooming time. In addition, markers BA-04720, BB-10630,BC-092000, BD-12510andOPC-12350 were linked to early blooming time. Two microsatellite loci (CPPCT008 and EPPCU2584) were also found to be tightly linked to flowering time. After construction the genetic map of population, QTL analysis was performed for blooming time. QTL analysis showed that OPC-09700,1100 and BA-17600,1000, markers were respectively located in 2 and 4 cM distance from one of the late flowering time loci. Also the BA-04720marker was located in 3 cM distances from one of the loci controlling early flowering time. These results are applicable in almond breeding programs for markers assisted strategy. The application of these results to other Prunus species has been also discussed. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
9 - The Study of Morphological Traits and Identification of Self-incompatibility Alleles in Almond Cultivars and Genotypes
Mousa RasouliThe evaluation of an almond collection using morphological variables and identification of self-incompatibility genotype is useful for selecting pollinizers and for the design of crossing in almond breeding programs. In this study, important morphological traits and sel چکیده کاملThe evaluation of an almond collection using morphological variables and identification of self-incompatibility genotype is useful for selecting pollinizers and for the design of crossing in almond breeding programs. In this study, important morphological traits and self-incompatibilities in 71 almond cultivars and genotypes were studied. Simple and multiplex specific PCR analyses were used in order to identify self-incompatibility alleles. Based on the results, cultivars and genotypes including ‘Dir Ras–e-Savojbolagh’, ‘D-124’, ‘D-99’, ‘Shahrood 12’, ‘Tuono’, ‘Nonpareil’, ‘Price’, ‘Mirpanj-e-Tehran’, ‘Pakotahe-e- Taleghan’, ‘V-13-34’, ‘V-16-8, ‘V-11-10’, ‘Zarghan 10’, ‘Uromiyeh 68’, ‘Barg dorosht-e-Hamedan’ and ‘Yazd 60’ were late flowering and had the highest quality of nut and kernel characters. The result of the PCR method using combined primers AS1II and AmyC5R showed amplification of ten self-incompatibility alleles (S1, S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8, S10, S12,and S unknown allele) and three Sfalleles. Moreover, S1 had the highest frequencies in comparison with other known S-alleles. Also, unknown alleles with different sizes were detected and 58 new bands were found in some cultivars. پرونده مقاله
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