فهرست مقالات Physical Form

• دسترسی آزاد مقاله
  • صفحه چکیده
  • متن کامل
  
  1 - Analysis of Visual Impacts in Compact City’s Form
  Nima Mouhebati
  Desired physical form of cities has been noticeable since the beginning of urbanization, from old patternsof early civilizations to the latest urbanism’s theories, which offered to build better cities. The opinions in recent decades haveexpressed that compact phys چکیده کامل

  Desired physical form of cities has been noticeable since the beginning of urbanization, from old patternsof early civilizations to the latest urbanism’s theories, which offered to build better cities. The opinions in recent decades haveexpressed that compact physical form of cities is a better form than sprawl form to achieve urban sustainability. The form of thecity is the embodiment of its physical form so in compact and sprawly form of city, it will be created various visual effects forthe residents. In this paper, visual impacts of cities’ form, which it caused by compression of their forms, examined withutilizing method of content analysis of texts. For this purpose, review the comments, which presented in the form of city,proving that the more compression the city is desirable for its better form. Among these theories, we used the elements of“Lynch’s” theory for a better cognition of the city. Finally, this article shows the desirability of the compact physical form ofcities for achieving better cognition of its form. پرونده مقاله
• دسترسی آزاد مقاله
  • صفحه چکیده
  • متن کامل
  
  2 - Cultural – Communicative Phenomenology of Iranian Tekyeh from a Physical – Special Value perspective
  Elahe Zoghi Hoseini Mohsen Tabasi Mahsa Hashemi
  Religious buildings are the outstanding visualized symbols of devotion in the religious realm of belief and values which they are derived from. Hence, planners and artists have devoted the extent of their creativity - fearless and bountiful - to the enrichment of these چکیده کامل

  Religious buildings are the outstanding visualized symbols of devotion in the religious realm of belief and values which they are derived from. Hence, planners and artists have devoted the extent of their creativity - fearless and bountiful - to the enrichment of these monuments. These buildings as well as their architectural, artistic, structural and historical function also have communicative functions. Extent of message, variety of targets and types of arts has increased the importance of this function. Takaya were mostly used for religious ceremonies and religious-dramatic rites. This art is recently declining due to the lack of a permanent place for performance. Accordingly, this study addresses the morphological recognition of Takaya as a vital continuum through architectural and urban aspects and explores the necessity of its resurrection regarding the cultural requirements. This research has a qualitative nature and its type, concerning the conclusion, is applied; the method of data collection is documental- field and its reasoning method is cross sectional (analytical) descriptive. The findings show that Takaya, regarding their existence in context of a belief destiny of a city, have always has been a symbol of efficiency from the architectural potentials for strengthening the religious values system. Takaya because of their special structural functional semantic system, beside other places of same function in other countries, are considered a distinguished identity. Meanwhile as the only open spaces with the function of strengthening and consolidation of rituals in Muslim’s architecture and urban culture, own high credibility. پرونده مقاله
• دسترسی آزاد مقاله
  • صفحه چکیده
  • متن کامل
  
  3 - Physical Form of Calf Starter: Applied Metabolic and Performance Insights
  A. Nikkhah M. Alimirzaei
  The objective of this review article was to evaluate and elaborate on dairy calves’ metabolic and growth responses to different physical forms of dry starter feed in relation to forage in the pre-weaning period. In addition, practical guidelines were discussed for چکیده کامل

  The objective of this review article was to evaluate and elaborate on dairy calves’ metabolic and growth responses to different physical forms of dry starter feed in relation to forage in the pre-weaning period. In addition, practical guidelines were discussed for on-farm uses. Apart from chemical composition, physical structure of solid feeds can influence nutrient intake and growth of young calves. Starter feed intake is essential for the timely development of a functional rumen and successful weaning transition with minimized weaning distresses. The calf starters produced commercially include pelleted, mashed, and texturized forms. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of physical form of starter and feed particle size on dairy calf performance. However, the results have been inconsistent. In addition, forage particle size in dairy calf diets has not been precisely determined and more investigations seem to be required. It is believed that alterations in the physicochemical properties of feed ingredients during processing influences rumen digestion that can partially explain the inconsistencies in research outcomes. Calf starter comprises large amounts of grains with different starch content and varying degradation dynamics, thereby differently affecting the rumen environment and calf growth. Grain type and processing method may interact with other starter ingredients such as forage and high-protein meals, making it difficult to decide which processing method or physical form would be optimal or preferred. Moreover, the first three weeks of calf life is thought to be more critical than the rest of the pre-weaning period, which requires distinct nutritional and management considerations. Encouraging calves to consume solid feed intake in the early ages may be a multi-advantage practice to ensure that calves eat more starter during the rest of the pre-weaning period. Accordingly, physical form of starter diet might affect solid feed intake differently during these two distinct pre-weaning periods. In conclusion, understanding the effects of feed processing on calf rumen physiology and metabolism may provide practical outlooks for optimal preparation of starter diets for calves at different stages of growth. پرونده مقاله
• دسترسی آزاد مقاله
  • صفحه چکیده
  • متن کامل
  
  4 - Physical Form of Concentrate for Lactating Murciano-Granadina Dairy Goats: Feed Intake and Sorting, Milk Production, and Blood Metabolites
  M.H. Khabbazan H. Amanlou D. Zahmatkesh E. Mahjoubi A. Nikkhah
  Global demand for goat milk and its products is increasing. Goat producers are urged to improve feed efficiency and farm economics. Physical form of concentrate was hypothesized to affect lactating dairy goats’ responses in feed intake and sorting, milk production چکیده کامل

  Global demand for goat milk and its products is increasing. Goat producers are urged to improve feed efficiency and farm economics. Physical form of concentrate was hypothesized to affect lactating dairy goats’ responses in feed intake and sorting, milk production, and blood metabolites. The objective of this study was to determine effects of different physical forms of concentrate [mashed (M), pelleted (P), or textured (T)] on feed intake and sorting, milk production, and selected blood metabolites of lactating Murciano-Granadina dairy goats. Thirty Murciano-Granadina dairy goats in mid-lactation (87±6 days in milk; 2±0.04 kg/d milk yield) were used in a completely randomized design study and assigned to the three forms of concentrate (10 goats per treatment). Goats were fed the experimental diets as totally mixed rations (TMR). The data were analyzed using mixed models of SAS program. The dry matter intake (DMI) and yields of raw milk; fat-corrected milk; milk fat, protein, lactose, and solids not fat (SNF); and cheese as well as feed efficiency were improved (P<0.01) by feeding T instead of M and P. Feeding P vs. M improved milk production and feed efficiency (P<0.05). The milk percentages of fat, protein, lactose and blood concentrations of glucose, albumin, and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were unaffected by treatments. Feed sorting occurred less for T than for the other physical forms of concentrate. Therefore, under the conditions of this experiment, feeding lactating Murciano-Granadina dairy goats TMR with textured concentrate compared to mashed and pelleted concentrates increased milk production and cheese yield estimates, and improved feed efficiency. پرونده مقاله