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دسترسی آزاد مقاله
1 - Evaluation of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars on Susceptibility to Brown Leaf Spot Fungus, Mamianiella coryli
Mahmoud HoushyarfardBrown leaf spot (leaf blight) is a fungal disease caused by Mamianiella coryli, causal agent of early defoliation in summer, and is widely distributed in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) growing regions of Iran. During 2019-2020, 48 native and foreign hazelnut cultivars/ چکیده کاملBrown leaf spot (leaf blight) is a fungal disease caused by Mamianiella coryli, causal agent of early defoliation in summer, and is widely distributed in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) growing regions of Iran. During 2019-2020, 48 native and foreign hazelnut cultivars/ and or genotypes were evaluated for susceptibility against M. coryli under natural infection conditions at Astara Horticultural Research Station (northern Iran). One hundred infected leaves were randomly collected from four geographical directions and middle of canopy of each hazelnut tree. Disease severity index (DSI%) on leaves was calculated based on 1-5 rating system (1= >0 to 20% leaf area affected and 5= >80% of leaf area affected) and levels of reactions were determined based on DSI% (<1%= Highly resistant and >50%= Highly susceptible). None of the hazelnut cultivars had genetic resistance to M. coryli and all of the genotypes were grouped into two categories included susceptible (25.1-50%) and highly susceptible. Seven cultivars and/or genotypes included Souchi, Gerdoii 89, Pashmineh 89, Rimsky, Segorbe, Dedobestani and Pronnes were high susceptible and the rest were in the susceptible categories. It was concluded that sanitation of leaf debris in the fall, pruning for better air circulation or fungicide applications in the spring might be useful in disease outbreak conditions. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
2 - Susceptibility Evaluation of Different Cultivars of Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) to Powdery Mildew (Phyllactinia guttata) in Northern Iran
Mahmoud HoushyarfardHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) production is well-established in Iran. Cultivars that are resistant to plant diseases are needed to expand hazelnut cultivation. The present research aimed to study and compare the susceptibility of 48 Iranian, local and exotic hazelnut c چکیده کاملHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) production is well-established in Iran. Cultivars that are resistant to plant diseases are needed to expand hazelnut cultivation. The present research aimed to study and compare the susceptibility of 48 Iranian, local and exotic hazelnut cultivars (C. avellana L.) to Phyllactinia guttata, the pathogen causing powdery mildew (PM). The study was conducted under naturallyoccurringinfection at a Research stationforhazelnutin the Guilan province (Astara-north of Iran), during the period 2019-2020. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The studied cultivars were divided in classes of susceptibility toPh. guttatadepending on the leaf infection (%) and disease severity index (DSI), using a 8-rating scale (0= no visible leaf symptoms to 7 = more than 85% of the leaf surface with symptoms). None of the investigated cultivars demonstrated resistance. Although no plot was scored less than 4, highly significant differences (P=0.01) in susceptibility among hazelnut cultivars were found. So that, 75% of the hazelnut cultivars exhibited high susceptibility to PM. Nocorrespondence was observed within cultivars based on geographical origin. In general, Iranian superior local cultivars Gercheh, Pashmineh 89, Shast-e-Ras, Gerdoii 89 and four Spanish commercial cultivars Fertile de Coutard, Segorbe, Negret, and 'Rondedu Piedmont showed high susceptibility reaction to PM. It was recommended that while paying attention to the susceptibility of cultivars to PM, control measures should also be considered. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
3 - Occurrence of Root Gall Disease on Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) in Iran
Mahmoud HoushyarfardHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), one of the world's major tree nut crops, is widely produced in Iran, with an annual yield of more than 21,500 tons of hazelnuts. A survey of hazelnut orchards in Iran was conducted during 2021-2022, revealing the presence of root tumors o چکیده کاملHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), one of the world's major tree nut crops, is widely produced in Iran, with an annual yield of more than 21,500 tons of hazelnuts. A survey of hazelnut orchards in Iran was conducted during 2021-2022, revealing the presence of root tumors on hazelnut trees in Guilan (northern Iran), Mazandaran (northern Iran), Qazvin (northwestern Iran), and Qom (north-central Iran) provinces. Samples of these root tumors were collected for further analysis. Isolations from fresh galls on SNA, D1M, IA, LB, and SC culture media yielded predominant colonies similar to Agrobacterium, which were subsequently purified and characterized. All 29 strains isolated were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, obligate aerobic, motile, and tested positive for oxidase, catalase, arginine dihydrolase, and urease. However, they did not hydrolyze starch, gelatin, or esculin, but did hydrolyze Tween-80 and urea. They exhibited growth on 2% NaCl and at 35°C, and were able to produce 3-ketolactose but not indole, DNase, pectinase, levan, or reduce nitrate. Furthermore, 11 representative strains were randomly selected for PCR amplifications of T-DNA genes using specific primers At1/At2, F8360/F8361, and tms2F1/tms2R2, resulting in 338, 453, and 617 bp amplicons, respectively. In pathogenicity tests, bacterial strains were inoculated into tomato, hazelnut, sunflower seedlings, and carrot discs, leading to the formation of tumors on plant stems and callus on carrot discs. Based on phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical properties, pathogenicity tests, and molecular methods, the bacterium responsible for causing root gall in hazelnut trees was identified as A. tumefaciens biovar 1. This bacterial root gall appears to be widespread among various local hazelnut cultivars (Gerd-e-Eshkavar, Alamout, Tarom, etc.), with a higher prevalence in old hazelnut orchards with stony soils. This study represents the first report of root gall on hazelnut trees grown in Iran. It was observed that the number of sites where tumors have developed and the number of galls present in old hazelnut orchards with stony soils are higher. پرونده مقاله -
دسترسی آزاد مقاله
4 - Investigation the Phonological and Morphological traits of the some superior genotype of hazelnut in Talesh region of Guilan province
Kazem Moghadam Hussein zadeh Saeed Piri piraivat lou Ali ImaniHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is the one of the native and valuable shrub in Iran. Identification of the superior genotypes of hazelnut is the firs step for cultivation developing and breeding programs of this nut crop. In this research, had been studied phenological, چکیده کاملHazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is the one of the native and valuable shrub in Iran. Identification of the superior genotypes of hazelnut is the firs step for cultivation developing and breeding programs of this nut crop. In this research, had been studied phenological, morphological and pomological characters according to hazelnut’s descriptor for two years (2009-2010) on four populations of hazelnut in the category of Mamoli Gerd, nakhonak, Kolaparak and khormaie in four regions of mountain in Talesh. The quantity and quality data from phenological, morphological and pomological characters collecting by method of random sampling and quantity analyzing by the method of ANOVA and Duncan test and quality data by the method of Chi Square (X 2 ) test. The results of this study showed that studied genotypes have wide range of phonological and morphological characteristics and these were categorized in separate groups. With analysis of data, superior genotypes were identified for high productivity, resistant on spring later cold, high weight of fruit, high percent of fruit brain, and appropriate time for harvesting and resistant on pets and diseases. Development and cultivate of superior genotypes in study area can be useful to local people due increasing income and economic stimulation companion with agriculture and animal husbandry activities. پرونده مقاله
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