• فهرست مقالات Bleach

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        1 - Investigation of nitrogen plasma effect on the nonlinear optical properties of PMMA
        Davoud Dorranian Yasaman Golian Alireza Hojabri
        Abstract Effects of low power direct current nitrogen plasma on linear and nonlinear optical properties of red BS dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film are studied employing different optical techniques. From spectrometry data, it is shown that applying plasma چکیده کامل
        Abstract Effects of low power direct current nitrogen plasma on linear and nonlinear optical properties of red BS dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film are studied employing different optical techniques. From spectrometry data, it is shown that applying plasma in such a low range of power does not affect the linear absorption coefficient, linear refractive index, and optical bandgap of this dye-doped polymer; however, nonlinear parameters are changed. Experiments are performed using the second harmonic of a continuous Nd-Yag laser beam at a 532-nm wavelength and 20-mW power. The effect of nonlinear refractive index of red BS dye-doped PMMA film in broadening the laser beam is observed. The optical bleaching behavior is investigated by measurement of the intensity of laser beam through the sample. Its third-order nonlinearity is measured using close and open Z-scan data. Nonlinear absorption coefficient and refractive index, as well as real and imaginary parts of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ3, are changed significantly due to plasma treatment. PACS: 42.65.-k: 42.65.An: 42.70.Jk: 61.41. + e: 71.35.Cc. پرونده مقاله
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        2 - بررسی میزان ترکیبات فنلی در انواع شکر حاصل از مراحل مختلف فرایند کریستالیزاسیون طی 2 سال نگهداری
        مسعود هنرور فاطمه سید سجادی احمد کلباسی اشتری کامبیز لاریجانی بابک دلخوش پرنیان متقیان
        مقدمه:شکر به عنوان یک ماده غذایی پر مصرف که در تهیه بسیاری از مواد غذایی دیگر کاربرد دارد، طی فرایند طولانی و پر هزینه ای تولید می‌شود که با حذف مراحلی از این فرایند می‌توان از دور ریز مواد مغذی، با ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا جلوگیری کرد.در این مطالعه، ترکیبات فنلی به عنوان یک چکیده کامل
        مقدمه:شکر به عنوان یک ماده غذایی پر مصرف که در تهیه بسیاری از مواد غذایی دیگر کاربرد دارد، طی فرایند طولانی و پر هزینه ای تولید می‌شود که با حذف مراحلی از این فرایند می‌توان از دور ریز مواد مغذی، با ارزش تغذیه‌ای بالا جلوگیری کرد.در این مطالعه، ترکیبات فنلی به عنوان یک شاخص ارزشمند وماده غذایی عملگرا، مد نظر قرار گرفته است. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه اثر فاکتور زمان بر نمونه های شکر از طریق آزمون‌های تعیین میزان تغییرات ترکیبات فنلی با استفاده از روش Singleton، تغییرات شیمیایی (میزان قند،میزان اینورت،رنگ،میزان خاکستر، pH) و آزمون های میکروبی با استفاده از روش‌های استاندارد بین المللی ICUMSA اندازه گیری شده است. یافته‌ها:نتایج آزمون‌های میکروبی آلودگی باکتریایی مزوفیل را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج آزمون های شیمیایی نشان می‌دهد که با گذشت زمان در شکر بدون کلرساژ، شکر پخت ІІ و شکر پخت ІІІ میزان قند، اینورت و رنگ کاهش یافته و در میزان ترکیبات فنلی افزایش قابل توجهی مشاهده می شود. که در این رابطه بین نمونه ها تفاوت آماری معنی‌دار مشاهده می گردد. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج حاصله، با ایجاد شرایط کنترل شده، می‌توان شکر‌هایی را تولید کرد که علاوه بر جلوگیری از پدیده حذف مواد مغذی در زمان تولید منجر به حفظ و بعضاَ افزایش ارزش کیفی، در طی نگهداری شود پرونده مقاله
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        3 - The Effect of Different Concentrations of Activated Carbon with Bleaching Earth During Bleaching Process on Physicochemical Properties of Soybean Oil
        N. Aliyar Zanjani Z. Piravi Vanak
        Considering the importance of bleaching earth with activated carbon in reduction of impurities in vegetable oils, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of bleaching process on physicochemical properties of the bleached soybean oil. The bleaching process wa چکیده کامل
        Considering the importance of bleaching earth with activated carbon in reduction of impurities in vegetable oils, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of bleaching process on physicochemical properties of the bleached soybean oil. The bleaching process was carried out with bleaching earth (1 % w/w) containing different concentrations of activated carbon (0.1 % up to 0.5 % w/w). The results indicated that bleaching process did not affect the structure of the oil while the percentage of free fatty acids (FFA) of the oil samples after bleaching was increased as compared to the blank. During bleaching, peroxide values of the samples and color were decreased. Since the vegetable oils have been shown to be the major sources in the diet therefore the refining particularly the bleaching process plays a decisive role in the production of high quality oil. Therefore this step is one of the critical control points (CCP) in ensuring the quality of the final product. پرونده مقاله
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        4 - The Effect of Bleaching Process on the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Canola and Sunflower Seed Oils
        M. Haji Hoseini M. Ghavami A. Heidary-Nasab M. Gharachorloo
        Bleaching process is an essential stage in the refining of vegetable oils and fats. In this process the colour and the primary and secondary oxidation products are removed by the treatment with the acid activated bleaching earth .The aim of this project is to understand چکیده کامل
        Bleaching process is an essential stage in the refining of vegetable oils and fats. In this process the colour and the primary and secondary oxidation products are removed by the treatment with the acid activated bleaching earth .The aim of this project is to understand the effect of bleaching on the physical characteristics and chemical constituents of neutralized canola and sunflower seed oils. Canola and sunflower seed oils were bleached at 100o C for 30 minutes. The results indicated that there were significant reductions in peroxides and red and yellow colours of the oils. The induction period representing the oil resistance to oxidation was improved however the acidity was increased that might be due to the nature of the acid activated earth that has caused slight hydrolysis. Slight changes in fatty acid composition was observed that was due to the oxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acids namely linoleic acid in both oils. Some reduction in the total non saponifiable matter was observed. This might be due to the oxidation of tocopherols and changes of the sterols structures due to their conversion to steroidal hydrocarbons. پرونده مقاله
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        5 - Steady state behavior and maintenance planning of bleaching system in a paper plant
        R Khanduja P.C Tewari D Kumar
        This paper presents the steady state behavior and maintenance planning of the bleaching system in a paper plant. The paper plant comprises of various systems including feeding, chipping, digesting, washing, bleaching, screening, stock preparation and paper making, etc. چکیده کامل
        This paper presents the steady state behavior and maintenance planning of the bleaching system in a paper plant. The paper plant comprises of various systems including feeding, chipping, digesting, washing, bleaching, screening, stock preparation and paper making, etc. One of the most important functionaries of a paper plant, on which quality of paper depends, is the bleaching system, where removal of coloring constituents is done to obtain the desired degree of brightness. The bleaching system consists of two subsystems A and B arranged in series with two states; good and failed. The mathematical modeling is carried out on the basis of Markov birth-death process using a probabilistic approach. An expression for steady state availability is also developed. Based upon the maintenance data available from medium sized paper plant, the effect of each working unit on the system availability behavior has been explained. In this regard, the behavioral chart for bleaching system has been given. Besides, a maintenance schedule has also been suggested and utilized for the purpose of maintenance planning of the bleaching system in a paper plant. The findings of this paper have been discussed with the concerned plant personnel and found to be highly beneficial for enhancing the performance level of the plant concerned. پرونده مقاله
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        6 - بررسی وضعیت سفیدشدگی مرجان ها در جزیره کیش ،خلیج فارس
        آزاده صالح دوست محمد جواد جامی حسین نگارستان رضوان موسوی ندوشن بابا مخیر
        تشکیلات مرجانی، یکی ازبارورترین زیستگاه های دریایی از لحاظ تولیدانرژی ونرخ تولیدموادآلی محسوب می شوند. سفید شدگی همراه با مرگ مرجان یا عدم مرگ مرجان پاسخی به نوسان شرایط محیطی و استرس می باشد. این مطالعه در آبهای اطراف منطقه آزاد کیش در خلیج فارس صورت گرفت. روش مورد است چکیده کامل
        تشکیلات مرجانی، یکی ازبارورترین زیستگاه های دریایی از لحاظ تولیدانرژی ونرخ تولیدموادآلی محسوب می شوند. سفید شدگی همراه با مرگ مرجان یا عدم مرگ مرجان پاسخی به نوسان شرایط محیطی و استرس می باشد. این مطالعه در آبهای اطراف منطقه آزاد کیش در خلیج فارس صورت گرفت. روش مورد استفاده در این مطالعه در بهارسال 1388 به جهت بررسی وضعیت مرجانهای زنده و مرده در اطراف جزیره کیش ، از روشTimed swims یاTSاستفاده شده است. مشاهده در 6 منطقه از آب های اطراف جزیره کیش شامل ناحیهPersian Gulf، Big coral، ژوراسیک پارک ، کلبه هور ، کشتی یونانی و شمال جزیره. صورت گرفت. در ناحیه ژوراسیک پارک45 درصد از مرجان ها مانندکلنی بزرگ جنس های Acropora sp و Porites sp بطور کامل سفید شده و از بین رفته بودند. کمترین میزان از نظر سفید شدگی در شمال جزیره و در حدود 10 درصد دیده شد. در ناحیهPersian Gulf نیزکلنی مرجان های مرده متعلق به جنس های Acropora sp. وsp.Porites مشاهده شد.جنسAcropora (مرجان شاخ گوزنی) کاملا" سفید شده و رسوب جلبکی روی این مرجان ها را پوشانده بود. فعالیت های انسانی مثل لنگر انداختن قایق های تفریحی و اسنور کلینگ در نواحی کم عمق ساحلی می توانند اثر مخرب بروی صخره های مرجانی داشته باشند. پرونده مقاله
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        7 - Investigation of Soybean Oil Bleaching by Using Walnut Shell
        Zeynab Forouzan Sepehr Maryam Gharachorloo Shima Yousefi
        In this research, the application of walnut shell ash, as an adsorbent for soybean oil bleaching, has been investigated. Therefore, neutralized soybean oil was bleached with 1 and 2% of walnut shell ash as well as commercial bleaching earth. Then, a series of chemical t چکیده کامل
        In this research, the application of walnut shell ash, as an adsorbent for soybean oil bleaching, has been investigated. Therefore, neutralized soybean oil was bleached with 1 and 2% of walnut shell ash as well as commercial bleaching earth. Then, a series of chemical tests such as amounts of carotenoids, chlorophylls, peroxide value, and free fatty acid content of bleached oils and oil retention of adsorbents were determined. The results indicated that bleaching with 2% walnut shell ash reduced carotenoids and chlorophyll contents up to 37.46 and 33.4%, respectively. Moreover, the red and yellow colors reduced in the oil bleached with 2% walnut shell ash and reached to 1.23 and 50 Lovibond, respectively. The oil retention by walnut shell ash (36.99%) was significantly lower than commercial bleaching earth (45.33%). Therefore, as a food waste, walnut shell ash can be used alone or in combination with acid activated earths or activated carbons for oil bleaching as a low cost adsorbent. پرونده مقاله
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        8 - Degradation of some dyes using nanosized CeCuO3 photocatalyst: synthesis and characterization
        Indu Bhati Anil Kumar Suresh C. Ameta
        CeCuO3 nanoparticles with diameter 4.36 nm was synthesized by a fast and simplemicrowave method using cerric sulphate tetra hydrate and copper sulphate pentahydrate asstarting reagents. CeCuO3 was synthesized under microwave heating for 6 min without calciningsteps. The چکیده کامل
        CeCuO3 nanoparticles with diameter 4.36 nm was synthesized by a fast and simplemicrowave method using cerric sulphate tetra hydrate and copper sulphate pentahydrate asstarting reagents. CeCuO3 was synthesized under microwave heating for 6 min without calciningsteps. The synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) andscanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the photocatalytic behaviour of nanosized CeCuO3 wasalso studied spectrophotometrically through decolorization of yellowish orange and fast greendyes, a prompt water pollutant from textile industries. The effect of variation of differentparameters i.e. pH, amount of CeCuO3, concentration of dye and light intensity was observed onthe rate of photocatalytic bleaching. A Tentative mechanism for the photocatalytic bleaching ofdyes has been proposed. پرونده مقاله
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        9 - Effects Aerosol of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Mucosa Layer and Lamina Mucosa Conjunctiva in Mice
        Gh. Vaezi M. Pourkazem F. Toosi F. Aliabadi
        Today bleach and detergents are being frequently used and some people use their mixture for more cleaning. Because of chemical interaction of bleach and detergent, chlorine gas was released and thereby it could be dangerous for human health. This study examined the effe چکیده کامل
        Today bleach and detergents are being frequently used and some people use their mixture for more cleaning. Because of chemical interaction of bleach and detergent, chlorine gas was released and thereby it could be dangerous for human health. This study examined the effects of exposed toxic mixture of bleach and detergent on the Mucosa layer and Lamina mucosa conjunctiva in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups 1-2-3 with the use of chamber, the exposed 20 minutes were exposed to spray the amount 1 cc of mixture of bleach and detergent by nebulizer. Experimental groups 4-5-6 were for 35 minutes to inhale the same amount of material. Mice killed at 24-48-72 hours after exposed and the Mucosa Layer and Lamina mucosa conjunctiva tissue was studied pathology. In the study of microscopic sections prepared of mouse mucosa layer and Lamina mucosa conjunctiva tissue experimental group comparison with the control group, significant decrease was observed in mucosa layer the have (p ≤ 0.001)  and significant decrease was observed in the Lamina mucosa have(p ≤ 0. 01,  p ≤ 0.001). As a result, increasing the exposed time of mixing bleach and detergent, as time passed, increasing the tissue damage and changes. پرونده مقاله
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        10 - Histopathology of Inhalation of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Epithelial Layer of Trachea in Mice
        Gh. Vaezi F. Aliabadi Ab. shiravi M. pourkazem F. Toosi
        This study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups an چکیده کامل
        This study is the effects of inhalation toxic mixture of bleach and detergent was examined on the epithelial layer of trachea in the mice. In this study, 42 adult male mice NMRI race weighing 35-40 gr and from age 8 to 10 weeks were divided into 6 experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups 1-2-3 with the using of chamber, as inhalation 20 minutes were exposure to spray the amount 1 cc of mixture of bleach and detergent by nebulizer. Experimental groups 4-5-6 were for 35 minutes to inhale the same amount of material. Mice killed at 24-48-72 hours after inhalation and the trachea was studied pathology. In microscopic sections of tissue taken from the trachea the experimental group compared with the control group was changed to include: stimulation and activation of the respiratory epithelium hungarian (Mocusa layer), reducing the length of ciliated columnar cells, reducing the number of goblet cells ,loss of cilia, chaos and clutter on the order of tissue. In addition, statistically, the changes in length of ciliated columnar epithelium cells in experimental groups 3 and 6 seen significantly decreased than control group and the number of experimental groups 2 and 4 goblet cells significantly increased compared to control group, experimental group 6 was significantly decreased than the control group. As a result discussion, increasing the inhalation time of mixing bleach and detergent, also as time passed, cause to increase the tissue damage and changes. پرونده مقاله
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        11 - اثرات سمی استنشاق مخلوط مواد سفیدکننده و شوینده صنعتی بر لوکوسیت های موش آزمایشگاهی
        غلامحسن واعظی فاطمه طوسی عبدالحسین شیروی مهسا پورکاظم فرشته علی آبادی
        امروزه مواد سفیدکننده وشوینده ازمتداول ترین محصولاتی هستند که مورد استفاده عموم قرار می گیرند. گاهی افراد برای پاکیزگی بیشتر از مخلوط مواد سفیدکننده وشوینده استفاده می کنند که به علت برخی فعل وانفعالات شیمیایی موجب آزاد شدن بیشتر گاز کلر و در نتیجه شدت علائم مسمومیت می چکیده کامل
        امروزه مواد سفیدکننده وشوینده ازمتداول ترین محصولاتی هستند که مورد استفاده عموم قرار می گیرند. گاهی افراد برای پاکیزگی بیشتر از مخلوط مواد سفیدکننده وشوینده استفاده می کنند که به علت برخی فعل وانفعالات شیمیایی موجب آزاد شدن بیشتر گاز کلر و در نتیجه شدت علائم مسمومیت می شود. در این پژوهش اثرات سمی مخلوط این دو ترکیب بر روی سلول های خون موش سوری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.تعداد 42سر سوری نر بالغ نژاد NMRIبا وزن 3andplusmn;35 گرم و سن 10- 8 هفته به 6 گروه تجربی و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند.گروه های تجربی 1- 2- 3 با استفاده از اتاقک شیشه ای(chamber) به صورت استنشاقی به مدت 20 دقیقه در معرض اسپری مقدار 1 سی سی از مخلوط مواد سفیدکننده و شوینده توسط دستگاه نبولایزر قرار گرفتند. گروه های تجربی 4- 5 -6 به مدت 35 دقیقه در معرض استنشاق همان مقدار از مواد قرار گرفتند. موش ها در فواصل 24- 48- 72 ساعت بعد از استنشاق از قلب موش ها خون گیری شد و توسط لام نئوبار تعداد سلول ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. و برای شمارش افتراقی لوکوسیت ها، لام ها به روش گیمسا رنگ آمیزی شدند. با افزایش مدت زمان استنشاق و گذشت زمان اثر گذاری افزایش معنی داری در تعداد لوکوسیت ها دیده شد.از آنجا که رادیکال های تولید شده توسط کلر در بدن سبب آسیب به DNAمی گردند و باعث ایجاد تغییرات در سیکل سلولیDNA می گردد در نتیجه سنتزDNAدچاراختلال گردیده وبا سرعت بیشتری انجام شده پس تکثیر گلبول های سفید نیز به سرعت انجام می پذیرد. بنابراین افزایش مدت زمان استنشاق در طی زمان باعث افزایش تعداد لوکوسیت ها می گردد. پرونده مقاله