اثر نوع و منبع انرژی جیره بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات لیپیدی خون و بیان ژن ضد التهابی (Il-4)در جوجه های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی
محورهای موضوعی : فیزیولوژی جانورینعمت الله دیانی 1 , محمد چمنی 2 * , پروین شورنگ 3 , علی اصغر صادقی 4 , آسا ابراهیمی 5
1 - ازاد اسلامی واخد علوم و تحقیقات
2 - گروه علوم دامی دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی
3 - گروه دامپزشکی و علوم دامی پژوهشکدهکشاورزی سازمان انرژی اتمی
4 - عضوهیئت علمی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
5 - آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات
کلید واژه: جوجه گوشتی, روغن سویا, بیان ژن, اینترلوکین-4, تنش گرمایی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: راهکارهای مختلفی برای غلبه بر تنش گرمایی در جوجه های گوشتی وجود دارد. یکی از راهکارها، دستکاری نوع منبع و سطح انرژی جیره است و اثراتی که بر شاخص های آنتی اکسیدانی و فراسنجه های خونی دارد مورد توجه محققان می باشد. پژوهش کنونی به منظور بررسی اثر نوع منبع و مقدار انرژی جیره بر فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی، ترکیبات لیپیدی خون، شمارش سلول های خونی و بیان ژن اینترلوکین-4 در جوجه‌های گوشتی در معرض تنش گرمایی انجام شد. مواد و روش ها: تعداد 450 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه راس یک روزه در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی به شش گروه آزمایشی و پنج تکرار تقسیم شدند. جوجه ها از روز 12 تا 42 آزمایش در معرض تنش گرمایی قرار گرفتند و با جیره حاوی نوع مختلف منبع انرژی و سطح انرژی بنابر استاندارد سویه راس یا کمتر و بیشتر از آن شامل گروه شاهد (C): دانه ذرت و سطح استاندارد؛ T1: دانه ذرت و 3 درصد انرژی کمتر؛ T2: دانه ذرت و 6 درصد انرژی کمتر ؛ T3: دانه ذرت و روغن سویا و سطح استاندارد؛ T4: دانه ذرت و روغن سویا و 3 درصد انرژی بیشتر و T5: دانه ذرت و روغن سویا و 6 درصد انرژی بیشتر تغذیه شدند. نتایج: کاهش 6 درصدی غلظت انرژی جیره سبب افزایش معنی دار غلظت مالون دی آلدئید و کاهش معنی دار فعالیت آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانی در پلاسمای خون جوجه های گوشتی شد. بیشترین ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانی پلاسما به جوجه های دریافت کننده جیره T3 و T4 تعلق داشت. کمترین غلظت تری گلیسیرید در پلاسما در گروه شاهد (C) و بیشترین غلظت در گروه های T1 و T2 مشاهده شد. کمترین شمارش سلول های قرمز و سفید خون به جوجه های دریافت کننده جیره با کاهش 6 درصدی در سطح انرژی تعلق داشت و بیشترین شمارش در جوجه های دریافت کننده روغن سویا مشاهده شد. کاهش 3 درصدی در سطح انرژی جیره سبب افزایش بیان ژن اینترلوکین-4 شد ولی جوجه های با محدودیت 6 درصدی در سطح انرژی بیان ژن اینترلوکین-4 کمتری نسبت به گروه شاهد داشتند. افزایش سطح انرژی با افزودن روغن سویا سبب کاهش غیرمعنی دار بیان این ژن شد. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از سطح انرژی توصیه شده سویه راس 308 و استفاده از روغن سویا (2 درصد در دوره رشد و 4 درصد در دوره پایانی) به جای بخشی از دانه ذرت بهترین نتیجه را در پژوهش کنونی داشت.
Aim: Different strategies were introduced in the poultry industry to overcome heat stress. Manipulation in the energy source and level is one of important practical issues. The effects of energy manipulation on antioxidant indices and blood parameters are of interest in research. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy source and level on the activity of antioxidant enzymes, blood lipid compositions, blood cell counts and interleukin-4 gene expression in broiler chickens under heat stress. Materials and Methods: One-day-old broiler chickens (n=450) were assigned to six treatments and five replicates in a completely random design. The chickens were exposed to heat stress from day 12 to the 42 of age and were fed with diets containing different energy source and level. The energy level were according to the standard of Ross strain, less or more, as: the control group (C): corn grain and standard level; T1: corn grain and 3% less energy; T2: corn grain and 6% less energy; T3: corn grain and soybean oil and standard level; T4: Corn grain and soybean oil and 3% more energy and T5: Corn grain and soybean oil and 6% more energy. Results: Energy restriction (6% less than standard) significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde level and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The highest plasma antioxidant capacity was observed in chickens receiving T3 and T4 diets. The lowest level of triglycerides was observed in the control group (C) and the highest level was observed in T1 and T2 groups. The lowest count of red and white blood cells was observed in chickens receiving the diet with 6% less energy level, and the highest count was observed in the chickens receiving soybean oil. A 3% decrease in the energy level of the diet increased the expression of the interleukin-4 gene, but chickens receiving 6% less energy had lower interleukin-4 gene expression than the control group. Increasing the energy level with the addition of soybean oil caused a non-significant decrease in the expression level of interleukin-4 gene. Conclusion: The recommended energy level for the Ross 308 strain worked best and the use of soybean oil (2% in the grower period and 4% in the finisher period) instead of a part of the corn grain had the best results in the current study.
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