مروری بر آنفلوانزای فوق حاد پرندگان در پرندگان وحشی غیرآبزی
محورهای موضوعی :
ویروس شناسی
محمدحسین فلاح
1
,
نجمه معتمد
2
,
عبدالحمید شوشتری
3
,
آرش قلیانچی لنگرودی
4
1 - بخش تحقیق بیماریهای ویروسی طیور. موسسه رازی
2 - بخش تحقیق و تشخیص بیماریهای طیور، موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرمسازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
3 - بخش تحقیق و تشخیص بیماریهای طیور، موسسه تحقیقات واکسن و سرمسازی رازی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران
4 - بخش میکروبیولوژی و ایمنیشناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/04/02
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1397/06/01
کلید واژه:
چکیده مقاله :
هر ساله با مهاجرت پرندگان مهاجر بین کشورهای مختلف طغیانهای آنفلوانزای فوق حاد در کشورهایی که این پرندگان به آنها مهاجرت می کنند مشاهده می شود. افزایش طغیانهای این بیماری به علت خسارات اقتصادی شدید و اثرات آن بر سلامت عمومی، نگرانی را در جوامع جهانی افزایش داده است. بیشتر گونه های پرندگان وحشی غیر آبزی به آنفلوانزای فوق حاد حساس بوده و به دلایل مختلف از جمله پرواز آزادانه و تماس با طیور اهلی و در برخی موارد با طیور صنعتی، مهاجرت برخی از گونه ها و جابه جایی بین کشورهای مختلف و تجارت و قاچاق آنها در سطح بین المللی و تماس نزدیک به انسان به علت نگهداری آنها به عنوان سرگرمی و یا تفریح، اهمیت بالقوه ای در اکولوژی ویروسهای آنفلوانزای فوق حاد دارند. بیشتر گزارشات بیماری در پرندگان وحشی غیر آبزی ناشی از تحت تیپ H5N1 می باشد. کمترین حساسیت به ویروسهای آنفلوانزای فوق حاد در دو گونه کبوترها و سارها مشاهده شده است و احتمالاً کمترین نقش را در اپیدمیولوژی این ویروس ایفا می کنند. در حالیکه سایر گنجشک سانان، شاهین سانان و طوطی ها به آنفلوانزای فوق حاد حساسیت بالایی دارند. در بیشتر طغیان های گزارش شده از شاهین سانان و کلاغ، علت اصلی ابتلا مصرف لاشه پرندگان مبتلا و یا مجاورت با آنها بوده است. علت اصلی حساسیت گونه ها به ویروس های آنفلوانزا، وجود گیرنده های اختصاصی آلفا 2 و 3 در دستگاه تنفس و گوارش آنها می باشد. علایم غالب مشاهده شده در پرندگان وحشی غیر آبزی، علایم عصبی است و بیشترین غلظت ویروس در مغز مشاهده شده است. با توجه به حساسیت بیشتر گونه های پرندگان وحشی غیر آبزی و به دلیل تعداد زیاد این پرندگان و تماس بین پرندگان مهاجر و طیور بومی و صنعتی و احتمال انتقال آلودگی به سایر آنها و انسان، در طراحی برنامه های مراقبت آنفلوانزا و در همه گیریها باید این پرندگان را نیز در نظر گرفت.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Abstract:Every year, the outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurs when migratory birds migrate to different countries.. Because of high economic losses and its effects on public health, increase in the outbreaks of this disease,have increased concern in global societies.Most of the non-waterfowl wild bird Species are susceptible to HPAI and for various reasons, including free-range flying, contact with domestic poultry and in some cases contact with industrial poultries, migrating some species and moving between different countries, international trade, in some cases smuggling of them, andclose contact with humans because of their maintenance as entertainment or as games bird, they arepotentialy important in the ecology HPAI viruses. Most reports of this disease in the nonwaterfowl wild birds are the H5N1 subtype. The least susceptibility to HPAI viruses has been observed in the pigeon and starling spicies, and probably these spicieshavethe least role in the epidemiology of these viruses. While other Passeriformes, Falconiformes and parrots are highly susceptible to HPAI. In the most reported outbreaks in the Falconiformes and crows, the main causes of the infection were using the carcasses of the affected birds or contact with them. The main cause of the susceptibility of these birds to the influenza viruses is the presences of the alpha 2 and 3 sialic acid receptors in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of them. The most common signs that observed in these birds are neurologic signs and the highest viral concentration has been observed in the brain.Due to the susceptibility of non-waterfowl wild birds, and the large number of these birds and the close contact between migratory birds with domestic and industrial birds and the possibility of transmission of infection to other birds and humans, these birds should be considered in the designing of influenza surveillance programs and in the outbreaks of HPAI.
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