بررسی اثر نانوذرات با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی بر رادیکال‌های آزاد
محورهای موضوعی : نانوبیوتکنولوژی
فاطمه مرادی
1
,
نادیا محمودی خطیر
2
1 - کارشناسی، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: رادیکال آزاد, آنتی اکسیدان, نانوذرات,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر نانوذرات با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی بر رادیکال‌های آزاد است.مواد و روش‌ها: در راستای تحقق هدف پژوهش، محتوا و نتایج مقالات معتبر پژوهشی مرتبط با موضوع پژوهش حاضر، مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته است.یافته‌ها: بررسی و تحلیل نتایج پژوهش‌هایی که به اثر نانوذرات با خاصیت آنتی اکسیدانی بر رادیکال‌های آزاد پرداخته‌اند، نشان داد که نانوذرات به دلیل کاربردهای فراوان و خواص منحصر به فردشان اخیراً بسیار مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. استرس اکسیداتیو، عامل بسیاری از بیماری‌ها در انسان است. استرس اکسیداتیو پدیده‌ای است که در آن تعادل بین دفاع آنتی اکسیدانی و اکسیدان‌ها در سلول مختل می‌شود. آنتی اکسیدان‌ها از آسیب ناشی از اکسیدان‌ها جلوگیری می‌کنند. اگرچه آنتی‌اکسیدان‌ها از دیرباز شناخته شده‌اند، اما تحقیقات در مورد آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های طبیعی یا مصنوعی بهبودیافته، به دلیل کاربردهای عملی مهم آنها هنوز یک موضوع مورد توجه است. آنتی اکسیدان‌ها ممکن است از پایداری پایین تحت اکسیژن رنج ببرند و در سیستم‌های بیولوژیکی می‌توانند قبل از رسیدن به سایت‌های هدف تخریب شوند؛ یا می‌توانند اثرات نامطلوبی بر سلامتی داشته باشند که استفاده از آنها را محدود می‌کند. گاهی اوقات، حذف آنتی اکسیدان‌ها از سیستم همگنی که به آن افزوده شده‌اند، پس از تأثیر آنها مطلوب است. در این زمینه، فناوری نانو فرصت‌های جدیدی را برای بهره‌برداری از خواص بی‌نظیر و خلاقانه نانومواد، احتمالاً در ترکیب با برخی از ترکیبات طبیعی یا مصنوعی معمولی، با هدف دستیابی به نانو آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های پیشگام با خواص افزایش‌یافته، باز کرده است. برخی از نانوموادها، از جمله اکسیدهای فلزی آلی (مثلاً ملانین، لیگنین) (یعنی اکسید سریم) یا نانوذرات فلزی (به عنوان مثال طلا)، فعالیت اکسیداسیون و کاهش ذاتی از خود نشان می دهند که اغلب با به دام انداختن رادیکال‌ها و/ یا با سوپراکسید دیسموتاز مانند و کاتالاز مرتبط است.نتیجه‌گیری: نانوذرات معدنی با موفقیت از نظر خواص آنتی اکسیدانی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته اند. اخیراً نانو آنتی اکسیدان‌ها توانایی کاهش استرس اکسیداتیو با حساسیت بیشتر، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی سلولی و کمترین اثرات سیتوتوکسیک و تحویل هدفمند را نشان داده‌اند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals.Materials and methods: In order to achieve the goal of the research, the content and results of valid research articles related to the subject of the current research have been analyzed and reviewed.Findings: Examining and analyzing the results of studies that have dealt with the effect of nanoparticles with antioxidant properties on free radicals, showed that nanoparticles have recently received much attention due to their many applications and unique properties. Oxidative stress is the cause of many diseases in humans. Oxidative stress is a phenomenon in which the balance between antioxidant defense and oxidants in the cell is disrupted. Antioxidants prevent damage caused by oxidants. Although antioxidants have been known for a long time, research on improved natural or synthetic antioxidants is still a topic of interest due to their important practical applications. Antioxidants may suffer from low stability under oxygen and in biological systems can be degraded before reaching their target sites; Or they can have adverse health effects that limit their use. Sometimes, it is desirable to remove the antioxidants from the homogenous system to which they have been added, after they have taken effect. In this context, nanotechnology has opened new opportunities to exploit the unique and innovative properties of nanomaterials, possibly in combination with some common natural or synthetic compounds, with the aim of achieving pioneering "nano-antioxidants" with enhanced properties. Some nanomaterials, including organic metal oxides (e.g., melanin, lignin) (i.e., cerium oxide) or metal nanoparticles (e.g., gold), exhibit intrinsic redox activity, often by scavenging radicals and/or It is associated with superoxide dismutase-like and catalase.Conclusions: Inorganic nanoparticles have been successfully evaluated in terms of antioxidant properties. Recently, nano antioxidants have shown the ability to reduce oxidative stress with greater sensitivity, cellular antioxidant activity and minimal cytotoxic effects and targeted delivery.
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Yildirimer L, Thanh NTK, Loizidou M & Seifalian AM. Toxicology and clinical potential of nanoparticles. Nano Today. 2011; 6(6): 585-607.
Joy Prabu H & Johnson I. Plant-mediated biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles by leaf extracts of Tragia involucrata, Cymbopogon citronella, Solanum verbascifolium and Tylophora ovata. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science. 2015; 1(4): 237-46.
Zamiri R, Azmi BZ, Sadrolhosseini AR, Ahangar HA, Zaidan AW & Mahdi MA. Preparation of silver nanoparticles in virgin coconut oil using laser ablation. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011; 6: 71-5.
Abid JP, Wark AW, Brevet PF & Girault HH. Preparation of silver nanoparticles in solution from a silver salt by laser irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb). 2002; 7: 792-3.
Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G, Çakmak ZE & Çakmak T. Production and characterization of spherical thermostable silver nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis (Cyanophyceae). 2016; 55(5): 568-76.
El-Baz AF, El-Batal AI, Abomosalam FM, Tayel AA, Shetaia YM & Yang ST. Extracellular biosynthesis of anti-Candida silver nanoparticles using Monascus purpureus. J Basic Microbiol. 2016; 56(5): 531-40.
Korbekandi H, Mohseni S, Mardani Jouneghani R, Pourhossein M & Iravani S. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2016; 44(1): 235-9.
Sabbagh F, Kiarostami K, Mahmoudi Khatir N, Rezania S & Muhamad II. Green synthesis of MgO. 99 ZnO. 010 nanoparticles for the fabrication of κ-Carrageenan/ NaCMC hydrogel in order to deliver catechin. 2020; 12(4): 861.
Ghosh Chaudhuri R & Paria S. Core/shell nanoparticles: classes, properties, synthesis mechanisms, characterization, and applications. Chem Rev. 2012; 112(4): 2373-433.
K S, S G, T R & T B. Biomedical potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from calli cells of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2011; 9(1): 43.
Hoag G, Collins J, Holcomb J, Hoag J, Nadagouda M & Varma R. Degradation of bromothymol blue by greener nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2009; 19: 8671–7.
Kaliamurthi S, Selvaraj G & Ramanathan T. Influence of Leaf Broth Concentration of Excoecaria Agallocha as a Process Variable in Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis. J Nanomed Res. 2014; 1: 1-5.
Mahal A, Khullar P, Kumar H, Kaur G, Singh N, Jelokhani-Niaraki M & et al. Green Chemistry of Zein Protein Toward the Synthesis of Bioconjugated Nanoparticles: Understanding Unfolding, Fusogenic Behavior, and Hemolysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2013; 1(6): 627-39.
Azeez L, Lateef A & Adebisi SA. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using pod extract of Cola nitida enhances antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of Amaranthus caudatus Linn. Applied Nanoscience. 2017; 7(1-2): 59-66.
Li Z, Jiang H, Xu C & Gu L. A review: Using nanoparticles to enhance absorption and bioavailability of phenolic phytochemicals. Food Hydrocolloids. 2015; 43: 153-64.
Apak Ra, Özyürek M, Güçlü K & Çapanoğlu E. Antioxidant activity/capacity measurement. Classification, physicochemical principles, mechanisms, and electron transfer (ET)-based assays. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2016; 64(5): 997-1027.
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