اثر کاربرد نانو کود پتاسیم روی گیاه مادری بر مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد اولیه گیاهچه کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) تحت تنش آبی
محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی بذر
محمد میرطیبی
1
,
امین بستانی
2
,
مرجان دیانت
3
,
امیر ازادی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیاردانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران
4 - استادیار دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی یادگار امام شهر ری، ایران.
کلید واژه: سرعت جوانه‌زنی, نانو کود پتاسیم, شاخص وزنی بنیه گیاهچه,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی و پیش تیمار با نانو کود پتاسیم بر مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر کینوا (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) آزمایشی با دو فاکتور تنش خشکی در چهار سطح (شاهد آب مقطر و 3/0-، 6/0- و 9/0- مگاپاسکال) با استفاده از پلی-اتیلن گلایکول و دو نوع بذر حاصل از آزمایش مزرعه‌ای (پیش تیمار شده) در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تکرار در پتری-دیش اجرا گردید. بدین منظور از دو تیمار آزمایش مزرعه‌ای (1- برای بذور کرت مزرعه‌ای نانو کود پتاسیم دریافت کرده و 2- بذور مزرعه‌ای بدون دریافت نانو کود پتاسیم) نمونه‌ای بذر جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش شدت تنش، از درصد جوانه‌زنی بطور معنی‌داری کاسته شد و از 0/91 درصد در تیمار شاهد به 1/77 درصد در شرایط تنش شدید رسید. با افزایش شدت تنش، از ارزش جوانه‌زنی نیز به‌طور معنی‌داری کاسته شد و از 1184در تیمار شاهد به 784 در شرایط تنش شدید رسید. شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه نیز از 1411 در تیمار شاهد به 1032 در شرایط تنش شدید رسید. شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه در بذر تیمار شده (1204) نسبت به بذر تیمار نشده (1175) برتری معنی‌دار داشت. تفاوت معنی‌داری بین متوسط جوانه‌زنی روزانه بذر تیمار شده (6/11 روز بر بذر) با بذر تیمار نشده (5/10 روز بر بذر) وجود داشت. به این ترتیب پیش تیمار بذر با نانوکود پتاسیم مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر کینوا و رشد اولیه گیاهچه آن را بهبود بخشید.
IN Order to investigate the effect of water stress and application potassium nanofertilizer on mother plant on germination components of quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), an experiment with two water stress factors at four levels (distilled water (control), -0.3, -0.6. And -0.9 MPa) using polyethylene glycol and two types of seeds obtained from field experiments (pre-treated) in a completely randomized design with four replications in a petri dish. For this purpose, seed samples were collected from two field experimental treatments (1- received nanopotassium fertilizer for field seeds and 2- field seeds without receiving nano-potassium fertilizer). The results showed that with increasing stress intensity, the germination percentage was significantly reduced and from 91.0% in the control treatment to 77.1% in severe stress conditions. With increasing stress intensity, the germination value was significantly reduced and from 1184 in the control treatment to 784 under severe stress. The longitudinal index of seedling vigor increased from 1411 in the control treatment to 1032 in severe stress conditions. Longitudinal index of seedling vigor in seeds treated with (1204) was significantly superior to untreated seeds with (1175). There was a significant difference between the average daily germination of treated seeds (11.6 days per seed) and untreated seeds (10.5 days per seed). Thus, application of potassium nanofertilizer on mother plant improved the germination components of quinoa seeds and their initial seedling growth.
Abeseker, D.E.D.J. 1992. Seed Pre-treatment with Plant Growth Regulators and Osmoticum to Improve Temperature and Salinity Levels. La Guna College, Philippins, 181 pp. Agrawai, R.L. 1991. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Pub, 658 pp.
Aghighi Shahverdi, M. and Omidi, H. 2016. Effect of hormone priming and hydro priming on Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) seed germination under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 3(2): 97-108.
Aisha, A.H., Rizk, F.A., Shaheen, A.M. and Abdel-Mouty, M.M. 2007. Onion plant growth, bulb yield and its physical and chemical properties as affected by organic and natural fertilization. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 3(5): 380-388.
Al-Mudaris, M. and Jutzi, S. 1999. The influence of fertilizer-based seed priming treatments on emergence and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor and Pennisetum glaucum in pot trials under greenhouse conditions. Journal Agronomy Crop Science 182: 135-142.
Askari, M., Nourafcan, H., Hojjati, L. and Nemati rad, S.P. 2019. Effect of seed priming by nano-iron and nano-potassium chelated on seed germination and growth of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Seed Research 9: 23-34.
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy 88: 223-271.
Azizinia, S., Ghannadha, M.R., Zali, A.A., Yazdi-Samadi, B. and Ahmadi, A. 2005. An evaluation of quantitative traits related to drought resistance in synthetic wheat genotypes in stress and non-stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 36. 281-293.
Balouchi, H. and Ahmadpour Dehkordi, S. 2013. Effect of different seed priming on germination traits in Black cumin (Nigella sativa) under salinity stress. Journal of Plant Production Research. 20(3): 1-26. (In Persian)
Bayoumi, T.Y., Eid, M. and Metwali, E.M. 2008. Application of physiological and biochemical indices as a screening technique for drought tolerance in wheat genotypes. African Journal of Biotechnology 7:2341-2352.
Booroomand zade, Z. and Koochaki, A. 2005. Germination response of Ajowan, Fennel and Dill to osmotic potential of sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol 6000 in different temperature regimes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Research 3: 207-218.
Bradford, K.J. 1995. Water relations in seed germination. Pp. 351-396, In: J. Kigel and G. Galili, (eds), Seed Development and Germination. Marcel dekkerinc. New York.
Balouchi, H.R. 2010. Screening wheat parents of mapping population for heat and drought tolerance, detection of wheat genetic variation. International Journal of Biological Sciences 6: 56-66.
Bhargava, A., Shukla, S. and Ohri, D. 2006. Chenopodium quinoa—An Indian perspective. Industrial Crops and Products 23:73–87
Burlyn E.M. and Kaufmann, M.R. 1973. The Osmotic Potential of Polyethylene Glycol 6000. Plant Physiology 51: 914–916.
Chojnowski, F.C. and Come, D. 1997. Physiological and biochemical changes induced in sunflower seeds by osmopriming and subsequent drying, storage and aging. Seed Science and Research 7: 323-331.
Chinnamuthu, C. 2009. Nanothecnology and agroecosystem, Madras Agriculture Journal 96: 17-31.
Cui, H.C., Sun, Q., Liu, J. and Jiang, G.U. 2006. Applications of Nanotechnology in Agrochemical Formulation. Perpectiv, Challenges and Strategies, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijig, China, PP: 1-6.
Farooq, M., Basra, M.A., Wahid, A., Cheema, Z.A., Cheema, M.A. and Khaliq, A. 2008. Physiological Role of Exogenously Applied Glycinebetaine to Improve Drought Tolerance in Fine Grain Aromatic Rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 194: 325-333.
Fernandez, G.C.J. 1992. Effective selection criteria for assessing stress tolerance. In: Kuo, C.G. (ed.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on Adaptation of Vegetables and Other Food Crops in Temperature and Water Stress. Tainan, Taiwan.
Fathi, F.K. 2020. The importance of quinova cultivation in developing countries. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova 183: 337-356.
Foti, S., Cosentino, S.L., Patane, C. and Agosta, G.M.D. 2002. Effects of osmoconditioning upon seed germination of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Moench under low temperatures. Seed Science and Technology 30: 521-533.
Ghasemi Firoozabadi, A. 2001. Study of salinity and drought resistance on two rangeland species. Master Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran.
Hafeez, U. R., M. Faroog and I. Afzal. 2007. Late sowing of wheat seed priming. Available in www.DAWN.com.
Han, J.K., Song, H.Y., Saito, F. and Lee, B.T. 2006. Synthesis of high purity nano-sized hydroxyapatite powder by microwave-hydrothermal method. Material Chemistry and Physics 99: 235-239.
Heydecker, W., Higgins, J., and Gulliver, R.L. 1973. Accelerated germination by osmotic seed treatment. Nature 246: 42-44.
Hoogenboom, G. and Peterson, C.M. 1987. Shoot growth rate of soybean as affected by drought stress. Agronomy Journal 79(4): 598-607.
ISTA. 2010. International rules for seed testing. International seed testing association (ISTA).
Jacobsen, S.E. 2003. The worldwide potential for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Reviews Internationa; 19(1–2):167–177.
Kafi, M., Borzoei, A., Salehi, Kamandi, M.A., Masomi, A. and Nabati, J. 2009. Environmental Stress on Plant Physiology. Mashhad University Jahad. (Translation)
Kaboli, M. and Sadeghi, M. 2001. Effect of drought stress on germination of three Onobrochis species. Pajohesh and Sazandegi, 64(2): 51-57.
Khoshsokhan, F., Babalar, M., Chaghazardi, H.R. and Fatahi-Moghadam, M.R. 2012. Effect of salinity and drought stress on germination indices of two Thymus species. Agronomy Research Moldavia 45: 28-35.
Kulkarni, M.G., Street, R.A. and Van Staden, J. 2007. Germination and seedling growth requirements for propagation of Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) Dur. and Schinz-A tuberous medicinal plant. South African Journal of Botany 73: 131-137.
Lal, R. 2008. Soils and India’s food security. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 56: 129–138.
Mohssen Nasab, F., Sharafi zadeh, M. and Siadat, A. 2010. Study the effect of aging acceleration test on germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars in controlled conditions (in vitro). Crop Physiology Journal 2(7): 59-71. (In Farsi).
Omidi Nargesi, S., Zahedi, M., Eshghizadeh, H. and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. 2015. Screening wheat genotypes in response to ordinary chelate and nano-iron chelate fertilizers in nutrient solution. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture. 6(23): 123- 133. (In Farsi)
Panwar, P. and S. D. Bhardwaj. 2005. Handbook of practical forestry, Agrobios Publication, India. p191.
Repo-carrasco-valencia, R., A. M. Espinoza and S. E. Jacobsen. 2003. Nutritional value and use of the Andean crops quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) and kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule). Food Reviews International 19: 179-189.
Saeidi, M., A. Ahmadi, K. Postini and M. R. Jahansooz. 2007. Evaluation of germination traits of different genotypes of wheat in osmotic stress situation and their correlations with speed of emergence and drought tolerance in Farm situation. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 11: 281- 293.
Safavi, Y. 2010. Investigation of the effects of dehydration stress on germination and seedling growth characteristics in two species of Agropyron tauri and Agropyron repens in both germinator and greenhouse conditions. MSc thesis, Department of Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University of Boroujerd. Iran.
Sarmandnia, A. and M. Azizi. 1995. Study of the effects of long term storage on the quality indices of soybean seeds. Science Journal of Agricultural Technology 9: 91-79.
Shabala, S. 2003. Regulation of potassium transport in leaves: From molecular to tissue level. Annual of Botany. 92: 627-634.
Shaviv, A. 2005. Controlled Release of Fertilizers. IFA International Workshop on Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers, Frankfurt.
Shin G. R. and D. P. Schachtman. 2004. Hydrogen peroxide mediates plant root cell response to nutrient deprivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 101, 8827–8832.
Shomali, R., A. Abdolzadeh, G. Haddadchi and H. Sadeghipour. 2007. Effect of different potassium and iron concentration on growth, ion contents and some biochemical parameters in rice (var. Tarem). Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 14(5): 64-65.
Taghizadeh, F. and M. Moameri. 2018. The effect of potassium nano silicate and nano-zinc on the growth components of the species Festuca ovina 13th National Conference on Watershed Management Science and Engineering of Iran And the Third National Conference on the Protection of Natural Resources and the Environment.
Vaseei Kashani, S., A. Hamidi, H. Heidari Sharifabad and J. Daneshian. 2015. Effect of matrix priming on some germination traits improvement of three commercial soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merril.] cultivars seeds grew by limited irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 2(1): 1-14. (In Farsi).
Yamamato, A., J. Turgeon and J. M. Duich. 1997. Seedling emergence and growth of solid matrix primed Kentucky bluegrass seed. Crop Science 37: 225.
Yousefzadeh, S., H. A. Naghdi Badi, N. Sabaghnya and M. Jahmohammadi. 2016. The effect of foliar application of nano-iron chelate on physiological and chemical traits of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Medicinal Plants 4(60): 152-160.
Windauer, L. B., A. Altuna, R. L. Benech-Arnold. 2007. Hydrotime analysis of Lesquerella fendleri seed germination responses to priming treatments. Industrial Crops and Products 25: 70-74.
_||_