ارزیابی کودهای مختلف بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت
محورهای موضوعی : بهینه سازی مصرف کود و سم
علی لشکری زاده
1
,
محمد رضا یاورزاده
2
*
,
هیلدا شمس الدینی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه کشاورزی، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، بم، ایران
2 - استاد یار بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بم، ایران، کرمان
3 - گروه حسابداری، واحد بم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بم، ایران
کلید واژه: ذرت, کود آلی, کود شیمیایی, عملکرد دانه, ورمی کمپوست ,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه
کود یکی از مهمترین عوامل مؤثر بر عملکرد محصولات زراعی محسوب می‌شود. با توجه به اهمیت تغذیه متعادل گیاهان و افزایش روزافزون نیاز به تولید محصولات کشاورزی، بررسی تأثیر انواع مختلف کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد محصولات زراعی ضروری است. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی تأثیر کودهای گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست و شیمیایی NPK بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ذرت رقم 706 بود.
مواد و روش‌ها
این آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1402 اجرا شد. فاکتورهای آزمایش شامل کود گاوی در دو سطح (0 و 5 تن در هکتار)، ورمی‌کمپوست در دو سطح (0 و 6 تن در هکتار) و کود شیمیایی NPK در دو سطح (0 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند.
نتایج و بحث
نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد اثرات متقابل کودهای مختلف بر عملکرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه، تعداد دانه در ردیف و ارتفاع بوته در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (17.1 تن در هکتار) از تیمار ترکیبی کود گاوی 5 تن در هکتار به همراه ورمی‌کمپوست 6 تن در هکتار حاصل شد. بالاترین وزن هزار دانه (546.7 گرم) از تیمار ترکیبی کود گاوی، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود شیمیایی کامل به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری
کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای آلی و شیمیایی منجر به افزایش قابل‌توجه عملکرد ذرت گردید. ورمی‌کمپوست مؤثرترین عامل در بهبود عملکرد دانه شناخته شد و کاربرد آن به همراه کود NPK توصیه می‌شود.
Introduction
Fertilizer is one of the most important factors affecting crop yield. Given the importance of balanced plant nutrition and increasing agricultural production needs, investigating the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on crop yield and yield components is essential. This research investigated the effects of cattle manure, vermicompost, and NPK fertilizer on yield and yield components of corn cultivar 706.
Materials and Methods
This experiment was conducted as factorial design in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2023. Experimental factors included cattle manure at two levels (0 and 5 tons per hectare), vermicompost at two levels (0 and 6 tons per hectare), and NPK fertilizer at two levels (0 and 100 kg per hectare).
Results and Discussion
Results showed that interactive effects of different fertilizers on grain yield, thousand-grain weight, number of grains per row, and plant height were significant at 1% probability level. The highest grain yield (17.1 tons per hectare) was obtained from combined treatment of 5 tons per hectare cattle manure with 6 tons per hectare vermicompost. The highest thousand-grain weight (546.7 g) was achieved from combined treatment of cattle manure, vermicompost, and complete chemical fertilizer.
Conclusion
Integrated application of organic and chemical fertilizers led to significant increase in corn yield. Vermicompost was the most effective factor in improving grain yield, and its application with NPK fertilizer is recommended for optimal production efficiency in corn cultivation.
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